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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-89-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Malignant transformation of endometrial hyperplastic processes: immunohistochemical features</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Злокачественная трансформация гиперпластических процессов эндометрия: иммуногистохимические особенности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobivchak</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собивчак</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya Sergeevna Sobivchak </p><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg 199034</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Сергеевна Собивчак </p><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p></bio><email>serg-masia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protasova</surname><given-names>A. E. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протасова</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg 199034</italic></p><p><italic>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015</italic></p><p><italic>2 Akkuratova St., Saint Petersburg 197341</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p><p><italic>191015 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</italic></p><p><italic>197341 СанктПетербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raskin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раскин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg 199034</italic></p><p><italic>43 Karla Marksa St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p><p><italic>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Карла Маркса, 43</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>43 Karla Marksa St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Карла Маркса, 43</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaurtseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каурцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>43 Karla Marksa St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Карла Маркса, 43</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical and Diagnostic Center of S. Berezin International Institute of Biological Systems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Лечебно-диагностический центр Международного института биологических систем им. Сергея Березина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1000">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1000</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Endometrial hyperplasia is one of the most common pathologies of the female reproductive system. There is a high risk of transformation of an atypical form of endometrial hyperplasia into endometrial cancer, which takes a leading position in oncogynecological morbidity. Immunohistochemical markers can become predictors of endometrial malignancy, their role is currently being actively studied.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>Search for molecular predictors of malignant transformation of endometrial hyperplasia.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in 107 patients with diagnoses of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EIN), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC). The tumor receptor status, MSI, expression of <italic>ARID1A</italic>, <italic>PTEN</italic>, β-catenin, <italic>PAX2</italic>, proliferation index (Ki-67) were determined by the immunohistochemical method according to the standard protocol.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Loss of <italic>PAX2</italic> expression was most common in precancerous and malignant endometrial cells. Loss of <italic>PAX2</italic> expression was found in 89 % of cases in the EIN samples, in 86 % of cases in the EC samples and only in 2 cases of EH. Loss of <italic>PTEN</italic> expression was less common: with an equal proportion in 67 % of the samples of EIN and EC, while practically not occurring in women with benign GE. MSI was detected in 36 % of endometrial cancer samples. There was a deficiency in the DNA repair system in 1 case of EIN. Loss of <italic>ARID1A</italic> expression was detected in endometrial cancer with a frequency of 33 %. This gene functioned normally in all cases of EIN and EH. The expression of β-catenin was more pronounced in EC than in cases of EH. The Ki-67 proliferation index was statistically higher in the EC group than in EH and EIN.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Evaluation of morphological data and expression of the panel of markers <italic>PAX2</italic>, <italic>PTEN</italic>, <italic>ARID1A</italic>, β-catenin, Ki-67 index, <italic>PMS2</italic> and <italic>MLH1</italic> will improve diagnostic search in case of suspected malignancy of endometrial hyperplasia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Эндометриальная гиперплазия является одной из самых часто встречающихся патологий органов женской репродуктивной системы. имеется высокий риск трансформации атипической формы гиперплазии эндометрия в эндометриальный рак, который занимает лидирующую позицию в онкогинекологической заболеваемости. Предикторами эндометриальной малигнизации могут стать иммуногистохимические маркеры, их роль в настоящее время активно изучается.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – поиск молекулярных предикторов злокачественной трансформации гиперплазии эндометрия.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнены гистологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследования у 107 пациенток с диагнозами эндометриальной гиперплазии без атипии (ГЭ), атипической эндометриальной гиперплазии (АГЭ), эндометриоидной аденокарциномы эндометрия (РЭ). иммуногистохимическим методом по стандартному протоколу определяли рецепторный статус опухоли, MSI, экспрессию <italic>ARID1A</italic>, <italic>PTEN</italic>, β-катенин, <italic>PAX2</italic>, индекс пролиферации (Ki-67).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Наиболее часто в предраковых и злокачественных клетках эндометрия встречалась потеря экспрессии <italic>PAX2</italic>. В образцах АГЭ потеря экспрессии <italic>PAX2 </italic>установлена в 89 % случаев, в образцах РЭ – в 86 % случаев, и в образцах ГЭ – только в 2 случаях. Потеря экспрессии<italic> PTEN </italic>встречалась реже: с равной долей в 67 % образцах АГЭ и РЭ, практически не встречаясь при этом у женщин с доброкачественной ГЭ. MSI выявлена в 36 % образцах РЭ. только в 1 случае АГЭ наблюдался дефицит в системе репарации дНК. Потеря экспрессии <italic>ARID1A</italic> выявлена в препаратах РЭ с частотой 33 %. данный ген функционировал нормально во всех случаях АГЭ и ГЭ. Экспрессия β-катенина была больше выражена при РЭ, чем при ГЭ. индекс пролиферации Ki-67 был статистически выше в группе РЭ, чем при ГЭ и АГЭ.</p><p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Оценка морфологических данных и экспрессии панели маркеров<italic> PAX2</italic>,<italic> PTEN</italic>, <italic>ARID1A</italic>, β-катенина, индекса Ki-67, <italic>PMS2 </italic>и <italic>MLH1</italic> позволит улучшить диагностический поиск при подозрении на малигнизацию гиперплазии эндометрия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endometrial malignancy</kwd><kwd>MSI</kwd><kwd>ARID1A</kwd><kwd>PTEN</kwd><kwd>β-catenin</kwd><kwd>PAX2</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd><kwd>steroid receptors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>эндометриальная малигнизация</kwd><kwd>MSI</kwd><kwd>ARID1A</kwd><kwd>PTEN</kwd><kwd>β-катенин</kwd><kwd>PAX2</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd><kwd>стероидные рецепторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lokuhetty D., White V. 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