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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1206</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2024-20-1-39-51</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAMMOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАММОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Options to apply national developments in the assessment of sentinel lymph node involvement in breast cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности применения отечественных разработок для оценки поражения сигнального лимфатического узла при раке молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-0925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shomova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шомова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Vasilyevna Shomova  </p><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia;</p><p>Build. 11, Sportivnaya St., Ryazan 3390011, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Васильевна Шомова</p><p>Россия, 390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9;</p><p>Россия, 390011 Рязань, ул. Спортивная, стр. 11 </p></bio><email>doc_mvs@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-6646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-5158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Anna Nikolaeva Demko  </p><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia;</p><p>Build. 11, Sportivnaya St., Ryazan 3390011, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Анна Николаевна Демко  </p><p>Россия, 390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9;</p><p>Россия, 390011 Рязань, ул. Спортивная, стр. 11 </p></bio><email>naetochka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-6992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia;</p><p>Build. 11, Sportivnaya St., Ryazan 3390011, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9;</p><p>Россия, 390011 Рязань, ул. Спортивная, стр. 11 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9264-1746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 390011 Рязань, ул. Спортивная, стр. 11 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-2655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Budanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буданов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 9390026, Russia;</p><p>Build. 11, Sportivnaya St., Ryazan 3390011, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9;</p><p>Россия, 390011 Рязань, ул. Спортивная, стр. 11 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ РО «Областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ РО «Областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1206">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Breast cancer is the leading oncopathology of women. The routine radical surgery performed in this pathology includes lymph node dissection, which provokes development of postmastectomy syndrome. However, the removal of non-metastatic lymph nodes is not rational according to the subsequent disability of the patients. This can be avoided by using a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy procedure. At this stage of oncology development, there are several ways to visualize SLN. The fluorescent method is among the most promising. This technique has been used for many years. However, it is not sufficiently implemented in clinical practice. There are still several questions about the procedure for its performance. In addition, it requires the introduction and improvement of domestic developments, including reducing financial costs.<bold>Aim. </bold>To study the use of indocyanine green of domestic production (LLC Firm “FERMENT”, Russia) and the IC-GOR detection system (LLC “MedKomplekt”, Russia) for SLN biopsy in patients with early breast cancer.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>From February to September 2023, biopsy of SLN using indocyanine green (LLC Firm “FERMENT”, Russia) was performed in 53 patients with early breast cancer without clinically detectable lesion of regional lymph nodes. In all cases, according to the clinical examination, the patients had an operable stage of breast cancer (cT1–3N0M0). 5 mg of indocyanine green, dissolved in 4 ml of water for injection, was administered after sanitizing of the surgical field intradermally and subcutaneously at 2 points in the upper-outer quadrant of the breast along the edge of the areola in 40 patients (75.5 %) or paratumorally in 13 patients (24.5 %). An incision in the axilla about 4 cm long was made no earlier than 10–15 minutes after injection of indocyanine green (when visualizing the track 1 cm beyond its distal end to avoid crossing the lymph duct, after which the drug can flow into the wound). After imaging, all detected lymph nodes were removed for planned morphological examination. Standard lymph node dissection of 1 and 2 level was performed in all patients. Middle age of patients was 64.5 years (from 37 to 85 year). In 40 patients (75.5 %) modified radical mastectomy was performed, breast conserving surgery was done in 13 cases (24.5 %).<bold>Results. </bold>SLN were visualized in 51 patients out of 53 (96.2 %). After the final morphological examination, the majority of patients in the group were ranged in the IA and IIA stages of the disease – 15 (28.3 %) and 28 (52.8 %), respectively. Metastasis in the SLN were found in 9 patients (17.0 %). Besides, in 3 cases (5.7 %) metastasis in the lymph nodes were found after lymph node dissection. In 4 cases (7.6 %) metastasis were found during lymph node dissection but were not detected in the removed SLN. Thus, in the study group 13 (24.5 %) patients had metastatic lymph node lesion despite negative clinical status. The total number of removed SLN in the study group was 169 (from 1 to 6), the average number of removed lymph nodes was 3.3. Any negative events, allergic and general reactions to indocyanine were not reported.<bold>Conclusion. </bold>Our technique of contrasting SLN with indocyanine green is adequate and reproducible. The frequency of detection of SLN with this method is 96.2 %, with an acceptable level of false negative results is 7.6 %. Indocyanine green (LLC Firm “FERMENT”, Russia) and the LED fluoroscopic cancer detector IC-GOR (LLC “MedKomplekt”, Russia) can be recommended for performing a SLN biopsy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Рак молочной железы является ведущей онкопатологией у женщин. Стандартная радикальная операция, выполняющаяся при данной патологии, включает лимфодиссекцию, приводящую к развитию постмастэктомического синдрома. Однако удаление неметастических лимфатических узлов в полном объеме не является рациональным с учетом последующей инвалидизации пациентки. Этого возможно избежать с помощью процедуры биопсии сигнальных лимфатических узлов (СЛУ). На данном этапе развития онкологии существует несколько способов визуализации СЛУ. К числу наиболее перспективных относится флуоресцентный метод. Эта методика используется в течение многих лет, однако она недостаточно интегрирована в клиническую практику, и остается ряд вопросов по процедуре ее выполнения. Кроме того, требуется внедрение и совершенствование отечественных разработок, в том числе и для уменьшения финансовых затрат.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучение применения индоцианина зеленого отечественного производства (ООО Фирма «ФЕРМЕНТ», Россия) и системы детекции IC-GOR (ООО «МедКомплект», Россия) для биопсии СЛУ у больных ранним раком молочной железы.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>С февраля по сентябрь 2023 г. биопсия СЛУ с использованием индоцианина зеленого (ООО Фирма «ФЕРМЕНТ», Россия) была выполнена 53 больным ранним раком молочной железы без клинически определяемого поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов. Во всех случаях больные по данным клинического обследования имели операбельную стадию рака молочной железы (сT1–3N0M0). 5 мг индоцианина зеленого, растворенного в 4 мл воды для инъекций, после обработки операционного поля вводили внутрикожно и подкожно в 2 точки в верхненаружном квадранте молочной железы по краю ареолы у 40 (75,5 %) пациенток или паратуморально – у 13 (24,5 %). Разрез в подмышечной впадине длиной около 4 см осуществляли не ранее 10–15 мин после введения индоцианина зеленого (при визуализации дорожки на 1 см дистальнее места ее окончания для предотвращения пересечения лимфатического протока и истечения препарата в рану). После визуализации все светящиеся лимфатические узлы удаляли для последующего планового морфологического исследования. Далее всем пациенткам выполнялась стандартная лимфодиссекция I и II порядков. Средний возраст пациенток составил 64,5 (37–85) года. Операция была выполнена в объеме модифицированной радикальной мастэктомии по Маддену у 40 (75,5 %) пациенток, радикальная резекция молочной железы проведена в 13 (24,5 %) наблюдениях.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>СЛУ удалось визуализировать у 51 (96,2 %) пациентки из 53. После окончательного морфологического исследования у превалирующего числа пациенток в группе отмечены IA и IIA стадии заболевания – 15 (28,3 %) и 28 (52,8 %) соответственно. Метастазы в СЛУ были обнаружены у 9 (17,0 %) пациенток. Из них в 3 (5,7 %) случаях метастазы в лимфатических узлах были выявлены и при последующей лимфодиссеции. В 4 (7,6 %) случаях метастазы были выявлены при лимфодиссекции, но не были обнаружены в удаленных СЛУ. Таким образом, в исследуемой группе у 13 (24,5 %) пациенток имелось метастатическое поражение лимфатических узлов при их отрицательном клиническом статусе. Общее число удаленных СЛУ в изучаемой группе составило 169 (от 1 до 6), среднее число удаленных лимфатических узлов – 3,3. При анализе побочных эффектов аллергических и общих реакций на индоцианин отмечено не было.</p><p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Применяемая нами методика контрастирования СЛУ с индоцианином зеленым адекватна, воспроизводима. Частота детекции СЛУ при данном методе составляет 96,2 % при допустимой частоте ложноотрицательных результатов – 7,6 %. Индоцианин зеленый (ООО Фирма «ФЕРМЕНТ», Россия) и светодиодный флуороскопический онкодетектор IC-GOR (ООО «МедКомплект», Россия) можно рекомендовать для выполнения биопсии СЛУ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early breast cancer</kwd><kwd>indocyanin</kwd><kwd>sentinel lymph node biopsy</kwd><kwd>fluorescent method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>индоцианин</kwd><kwd>биопсия сигнального лимфатического узла</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентный метод</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fisher B., Jeong J.H., Anderson S. et al. Twenty-five year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med 2002;347(8):567–75. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa020128</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Veronesi U., Orecchia R., Zurrida S. et al. 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