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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2024-16-2-32-47</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAMMOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАММОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of polymorphism of genes associated with breast cancer on the effectiveness of drug antitumor therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние полиморфизма генов, ассоциированных с развитием рака молочной железы, на эффективность лекарственной противоопухолевой терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-8750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Georgievna Goncharova</p>
<p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Георгиевна Гончарова</p>
<p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>goncharova.2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarbaeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омарбаева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazgul Aydarbekovna Omarbaeva</p>
<p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назгуль Айдарбековна Омарбаева</p>
<p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>nazgulek87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-5983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaydarova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайдарова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000; 94 Tole Bi St., Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91; 050000 Алматы, ул. Толе Би, 94</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0986-1328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrakhmanova</surname><given-names>A. Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрахманова</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagulova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смагулова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-2068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazgalieva</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразгалиева</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-2780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatkovskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатковская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-4048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0830-5363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zkrina</surname><given-names>A. М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зкрина</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Prospekt Abaya, Almaty 050000; 16 Helmholtzstrasse, Ulm 89081, Germany</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000 Алматы, проспект Абая, 91; Германия, 89081 Ульм, Гельмгольцштрассе, 16</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushimova</surname><given-names>Z. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душимова</surname><given-names>З. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>71 Prospekt Al-Farabi, Almaty 050040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050040 Алматы, проспект Aль-Фараби, 71</p></bio><email>info@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Казахский научно-исследовательский институт онкологии и радиологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С.Д. Асфендиярова» Министерства здравоохранения
Республики Казахстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ulm University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ульмский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НАО «Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; ,</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; ,</copyright-statement><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1233">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1233</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Increasing the survival rate of breast cancer patients is a problem all over the world and directly depends on the early detection of a malignant tumor. Genome-wide associative studies (GWAS) as a minimally invasive method may be used in determining risk of breast cancer or detection at an early stage. The increase in the number of patients with disseminated breast cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan makes it necessary to search for molecular genetic markers of breast cancer for their use in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this pathology.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To retrospectively estimate the correlation of the effectiveness of drug antitumor therapy for breast cancer with gene polymorphism.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included the results of genotyping biomaterial samples on high-density DNA chips (venous blood of 1,277 Kazakh patients (in the third generation) with a verified diagnosis of breast cancer with locally advanced and disseminated breast cancer who received anticancer therapy), clinical data of patients, data on the clinical efficacy and toxicity of drug therapy. GWAS data (genotypes) associated with identified responses to chemotherapy drugs were compared with similar data recorded in international databases.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. The family history study showed 16.52 % of women in the questionnaires had a family history of various types of ESR, and 86.25 % of them had a burden of breast cancer in women of the first degree of kinship. The average age of patients with breast cancer was 48.79 ± 11.44 years. According to the TNM classification, cancer in situ was detected in 4.78 % of patients, stage I of the disease was recorded in 15.27 %, stage II in 63.43 %, stage III in 12.60 %, stage IV in 3.92 % of patients. The vast majority of the patients (96.9 %) had a nodular form of breast cancer. The distribution of the patients by tumor phenotype: luminal type A was found in 20.4 % of patients, luminal type B in 38.3 %, luminal type B with HER2 overexpression in 14.3 %, HER2 positive form in 11.9 % of cases, 12.4 % of patients had an aggressive form – triple negative breast cancer. 18 main genotypes were identified in the Kazakh population as a result of the analysis of associations of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (its individual components, according to chemotherapy regimens) and individual gene polymorphisms.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. An associative relationship between different types of gene polymorphism and the characteristics of response to various chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer has been confirmed. The obtained results formed the basis for the development of recommendations for making changes to the clinical practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to use them in identifying a genetic predisposition to breast cancer and the effectiveness of drugs used in treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Увеличение выживаемости больных раком молочной железы (РМЖ) является злободневной проблемой во всем мире и напрямую зависит от раннего выявления злокачественной опухоли. В выявлении РМЖ на ранней стадии заболевания или риска его развития определенную роль играют полногеномные ассоциативные исследования (genome-wide association studies, GWAS), относящиеся к малоинвазивным методам. Увеличение в Республике Казахстан числа больных с диссеминированным РМЖ обусловливает необходимость поиска молекулярно-генетических маркеров РМЖ для использования их в диагностике и лечении больных с данной патологией.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – ретроспективная оценка корреляции эффективности лекарственной противоопухолевой терапии РМЖ с полиморфизмом генов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование вошли результаты генотипирования на чипах высокой плотности ДНК образцов биоматериала (венозная кровь 1277 больных казахской национальности (в III поколении) с верифицированным местно-распространенным и диссеминированным РМЖ, получавших противопухолевую терапию), клинические данные больных, данные клинической эффективности и токсичности лекарственной терапии. Данные GWAS (генотипы), ассоциированные с определенными выявленными ответными реакциями организма на отдельные химиопрепараты, сопоставлялись с аналогичными данными, зарегистрированными в международных базах.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. При изучении семейного анамнеза пациенток у 16,52 % женщин в анкетах отмечено отягощение по семейному анамнезу по различным видам злокачественных новообразований, причем у 86,25 % из них имелось отягощение по РМЖ у женщин I степени родства. Средний возраст больных РМЖ составлял 48,79 ± 11,44 года. Согласно классификации TNM, рак in situ обнаружен у 4,78 % пациенток, I стадия заболевания зафиксирована у 15,27 %, II стадия – у 63,43 %, III стадия – у 12,60 %, IV стадия – у 3,92 % пациенток. Подавляющее большинство (96,9 %) обследованных имели узловую форму РМЖ. Распределение пациенток по фенотипу опухоли было следующим: люминальный подтип А отмечен у 20,4 % больных, люминальный подтип В – у 38,3 %, люминальный В с гиперэкспрессией HER2 – у 14,3 %, HER2-положительная форма – у 11,9 %, 12,4 % пациенток имели агрессивную форму – трижды негативный РМЖ. В результате анализа ассоциаций эффективности неоадъювантной химиотерапии (отдельных ее составляющих, согласно схемам химиотерапии) и отдельных полиморфизмов генов выявлено 18 основных генотипов в казахской популяции.</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Подтверждена ассоциативная связь между различными типами полиморфизма генов и особенностями ответной реакции организма пациенток казахской популяции на различные химиопрепараты, применяемые при лечении РМЖ. Полученные результаты легли в основу разработки рекомендаций по внесению изменений в клиническую практику Республики Казахстан с целью использования их в выявлении генетической предрасположенности к развитию заболевания и эффективности препаратов, применяемых в лечении.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>genetic association</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>antitumor therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the budget topics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Development and implementation of diagnostic models, treatment and rehabilitation techniques for cancer patients” and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan OR12165486 “National program for the implementation of personalized and preventive medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках бюджетных тем Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан «Разработка и внедрение диагностических моделей, технологий лечения и реабилитации для больных с онкологическими заболеваниями» и Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан OR12165486 «Национальная программа внедрения персонализированной и превентивной медицины в Республике Казахстан».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). 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