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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1351</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2025-21-1-86-105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of modern strategies for screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer in the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая и экономическая оценка эффективности современных стратегий скрининга и ранней диагностики рака шейки матки в Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-0954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaylova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайлова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna Vladimirovna Khaylova</p><p>4 Koroleva St., Obninsk 249031</p><p>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанна Владимировна Хайлова</p><p>249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p></bio><email>1977zhanna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-0703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelyanovskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельяновский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p><p>Build. 2, 6 / 20 Pokrovskiy Bulvar, Moscow 109028</p><p>Build. 1, 12 Vorontsovo pole St., Moscow 1105064</p><p>Build. 2, 3 Nastasyinskiy Pereulok, Moscow 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p><p>109028 Москва, Покровский бульвар, 6 / 20, стр. 2</p><p>1105064 Москва, ул. Воронцово поле, 12, стр. 1</p><p>127006 Москва, Настасьинский переулок, 3, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-9378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teryan</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терян</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p><p>Build. 2, 6 / 20 Pokrovskiy Bulvar, Moscow 109028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p><p>109028 Москва, Покровский бульвар, 6 / 20, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-4788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchurov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щуров</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="NL">Netherlands</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4–6 Minderbroedersberg, Maastricht MD 6200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>6200 MD Maastricht, Minderbroedersberg, 4–6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-369X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p><p>Build. 2, 6 / 20 Pokrovskiy Bulvar, Moscow 109028</p><p>Build. 1, 12 Vorontsovo pole St., Moscow 1105064</p><p>Build. 2, 3 Nastasyinskiy Pereulok, Moscow 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p><p>109028 Москва, Покровский бульвар, 6 / 20, стр. 2</p><p>1105064 Москва, ул. Воронцово поле, 12, стр. 1</p><p>127006 Москва, Настасьинский переулок, 3, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-0451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758</p><p>49A Kronverkskiy Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 197758</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p><p>197101 Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский проспект, 49А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Koroleva St., Obninsk 249031</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p><p>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Expertise and Quality Control in Healthcare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Национальный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья им. Н. А. Семашко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Financial Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт Министерства финансов Российской Федерации»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff6"><institution>Maastricht University</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1351">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1351</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To determine the most appropriate strategy for screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer in the Russian Federation in terms of clinical (diagnostic) and cost-effectiveness.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> To assess the clinical (diagnostic) effectiveness of various screening strategies, a systematic review of publications on studies evaluating the effectiveness of cytological examination and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for the diagnosis of cervical cancer and its precancerous conditions was conducted. This analysis included publications on the results of studies that assessed the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests used in screening programs. Economic evaluation of the use of various screening strategies was carried out using a mathematical model. The analysis is based on the Markov model of the natural development of oncogenic HPV infection in the absence of screening. Mathematical modeling was performed for a cohort of patients aged 30–64 years inclusive, who have not undergone hysterectomy and who initially have no symptoms of cervical cancer. Clinical and economic analysis was performed from the perspective of the Moscow healthcare system and taking into account the time horizon of 40 years. In a cost-effectiveness analysis, the costs and effectiveness of three screening strategies: conventional cytology followed by triage (p16 and Ki-67 expression detection, CINtec® technology); HPV testing (Cobas HPV®) followed by CINtec® triage and conventional cytology; co-testing – conventional cytology + HPV testing (Cobas HPV®) followed by CINtec® triage, were compared with a strategy of using conventional cytology alone.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The article presents the results of the evaluation of the clinical (diagnostic) efficiency of HPV testing compared with cytological studies, traditional cytological study compared with other diagnostic methods, HPV testing compared with other diagnostic methods, co-testing compared with cytological study only and the use of new biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia, including biomarkers for the detection of p16 and Ki-67 expression. Also, the analysis of cervical cancer screening programs in foreign countries, the efficiency of organized screening programs and the analysis of the cost-effectiveness of various screening strategies in Moscow are conducted. It has been established that there is no single model of cervical cancer screening in the world that would be suitable for every country. In most countries, there is a clear trend towards the transition from cytological testing to testing based on the detection of HPV DNA in certain age cohorts of women. It is also worth noting that not all developed countries have switched from opportunistic to organized cervical cancer screening. Based on the results of the clinical and economic study, it was determined that all the screening strategies studied are cost-effective, and the “Co-testing” screening strategy is the most effective in terms of reducing the number of cases of cervical cancer and deaths from cervical cancer.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The co-testing strategy, including the use of a biomarker to detect the expression of p16 and Ki-67, should be considered as the main one for conducting screening and early diagnosis programs for cervical cancer in the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– определить наиболее целесообразную стратегию скрининга и ранней диагностики рака шейки матки (РШМ) в Российской Федерации с точки зрения клинической (диагностической) и экономической эффективности.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для оценки клинической (диагностической) эффективности различных стратегий скрининга проведен систематический обзор публикаций об исследованиях, оценивающих эффективность применения цитологического исследования и тестирования на вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) с целью диагностики РШМ, а также предраковых состояний. В данный анализ включались публикации по результатам исследований, в которых проводилась оценка чувствительности и специфичности диагностических тестов, используемых в рамках скрининговых программ. Экономическая оценка применения различных стратегий скрининга выполнялась с использованием математической модели. В основу анализа положена марковская модель естественного развития онкогенной инфекции ВПЧ при отсутствии скрининга. математическое моделирование выполнено для когорты пациенток в возрасте 30–64 лет включительно, не перенесших гистерэктомию и исходно не имевших симптомов РШМ. Клинико-экономический анализ выполнен с перспективы системы здравоохранения г. Москвы и с учетом временного горизонта 40 лет. В рамках анализа экономической эффективности, затраты и эффективность 3 стратегий скрининга (традиционная цитология с последующим триажем (обнаружение экспрессии p16 и Ki-67, технология CINtec®); ВПЧ-тестирование (Cobas HPV®) с последующим триажем CINtec® и традиционной цитологией; котестирование – традиционная цитология + ВПЧ-тестирование (Cobas HPV®) c последующим триажем CINtec®) сравнивались со стратегией использования только традиционного цитологического исследования.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Представлены результаты оценки клинической (диагностической) эффективности ВПЧ-тестирования по сравнению с цитологическими исследованиями, традиционного цитологического исследования по сравнению с другими методами диагностики, ВПЧ-тестирования по сравнению с другими методами диагностики, котестирования по сравнению с только цитологическим исследованием и применением новых биомаркеров для диагностики цервикальной неоплазии, включая биомаркеры для обнаружения экспрессии p16 и Ki-67. также проведен анализ скрининговых программ РШМ в зарубежных странах, эффективности организованных скрининговых программ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>screening, patients</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>oncological diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>пациентки</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization Newsletter 2022. 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