<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2025-21-2-91-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Efficiency of the immunocytochemical method for assessing p16 / Ki-67 coexpression in the diagnosis of cervical pathology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность иммуноцитохимического метода оценки коэкспрессии p16 / Ki-67 в диагностике патологии шейки матки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1917-7241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Kuybysheva St., Ekaterinburg 620026</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620026 Екатеринбург, ул. Куйбышева, 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6184-1028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuzhakova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Южакова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-3463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakharukova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахарукова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p><p>106 Pervomayskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p><p>620049 Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9438-7646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsukanova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуканова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В;</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топоркова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-5148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyoshkina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лёшкина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3А Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123 Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysak</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысак</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-0753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagereva</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагерева</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78B 8 Marta St., Ekaterinburg 620144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620144 Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 78В</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт естественных наук и математики ФГАОУ ВО «Уральский федеральный университет им. первого  Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical and Diagnostic Center named after Ya. B. Beikin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Клинико-диагностический центр им. Я. Б. Бейкина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-02"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-02"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1379">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1379</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Cervical intraepithelial lesion with human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common HPV-associated diseases. In recent years, immunocytochemical detection of p16 / Ki-67 coexpression has been considered as an additional method for confirming precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions, with high sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To determine the detection rate of p16 / Ki-67 coexpression depending on the degree of intraepithelial lesion, human papillomavirus genotype, viral load, and the presence of coinfection. To calculate the performance indicators of the immunocytochemical method and the polymerase chain reaction method for detecting HPV DNA for the diagnosis of severe intraepithelial lesions and cervical carcinoma (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN 2+).</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included material from 129 patients. Depending on the degree of cervical lesion, the following groups were formed: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN 1), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (2–3), carcinoma. The comparison groups included patients without intraepithelial changes and with negative / positive results for HPV DNA. Coexpression of p16 / Ki-67 was assessed using immunocytochemistry, HPV DNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were evaluated in comparison with histology. Results. The frequency of detection of positive p16 / Ki-67 immunocytochemistry depending on the degree of dysplasia and carcinoma of the cervix: CIN 1 – 26.5 % (n = 9), CIN 2 – 59.3 % (n = 16), CIN 3 – 88.2 % (n = 15), squamous cell carcinoma – 88.9 % (n = 8). Co-expression was more often detected in the presence of HPV infection of genotypes 16, 18 and 31. The median viral load was higher in the presence of double staining p16 / Ki-67 and amounted to 6.21 lg, in the absence of coexpression – 5.02 lg. No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of detection of co-expression of p16 / Ki-67 depending on the number of HPV genotypes in the material. The efficiency indicators of the method for diagnosing CIN 2+ were: sensitivity 73.58 %, specificity 82.35 %.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. A positive coexpression of p16 / Ki-67 is more often detected in severe intraepithelial lesions of the cervix and the presence of HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 31. Immunocytochemical method of assessing p16 / Ki-67 coexpression is more specific in the diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous diseases of the cervix compared to the detection of HPV DNA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Интраэпителиальное поражение шейки матки вирусом папилломы человека (ВПч) является одним из наиболее распространенных заболеваний, связанных с ВПч. В последние годы иммуноцитохимическое выявле ние коэкспрессии p16 / Ki-67 рассматривается как дополнительный метод подтверждения предракового и раково го поражения шейки матки, обладающий высокими показателями чувствительности и специфичности.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– определить частоту выявления коэкспрессии р16 / Ki-67 в зависимости от степени интраэпителиального поражения, генотипа ВПч, вирусной нагрузки, а также наличия коинфекции. Рассчитать показатели эффективности иммуноцитохимического метода и метода полимеразной цепной реакции выявления ДНК ВПч для диагностики выраженных интраэпителиальных поражений и карциномы шейки матки (цервикальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) 2+).</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включен материал 129 пациенток. В зависимости от степени поражения шейки матки сформированы группы: плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение низкой степени (CIN 1), плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение высокой степени (CIN 2–3), карцинома. В группы сравнения включены пациентки без интраэпителиальных изменений и с отрицательными / положительными результатами на ДНК ВПч. Коэкспрессия p16 / Ki-67 была оценена с помощью иммуноцитохимического анализа, ДНК ВПч опре делялась методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Оценка результатов осуществлялась при со поставлении с результатами гистологического исследования.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. частота обнаружения положительной иммуноцитохимии p16 / Ki-67 в зависимости от степени диспла зии и карциномы шейки матки: CIN 1 – 26,5 % (n = 9), CIN 2 – 59,3 % (n = 16), CIN 3 – 88,2 % (n = 15), плоскокле точная карцинома – 88,9 % (n = 8). Коэкспрессия чаще обнаруживалась при наличии ВПч 16, 18 и 31-го генотипов. Медиана вирусной нагрузки была выше при наличии двойного окрашивания p16 / Ki-67 и составила 6,21 lg, при от сутствии коэкспрессии – 5,02 lg. Не было выявлено статистически значимых различий в частоте обнаружения совместной экспрессии p16 / Ki-67 в зависимости от количества генотипов ВПч в материале. Показатели эффек тивности метода для диагностики CIN 2+ составили: чувствительность – 73,58 %, специфичность – 82,35 %.</p><p><bold>Выводы</bold>. Положительная коэкспрессия р16 / Ki-67 чаще выявляется при выраженных интраэпителиальных пора жениях шейки матки и наличии ВПч 16, 18 и 31-го генотипов. Иммуноцитохимический метод оценки коэкспрессии p16 / Ki-67 является более специфичным в диагностике предраковых и раковых заболеваний шейки матки по срав нению с обнаружением ДНК ВПч.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>immunocytochemical analysis</kwd><kwd>p16 / Ki-67 coexpression</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>иммуноцитохимический анализ</kwd><kwd>коэкспрессия p16 / Ki-67</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточная карцинома шейки матки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240014107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hashimoto K., Kumagai T., Nomura K. et al. Validation of an on chip p16ink4a/Ki-67 dual immunostaining cervical cytology system using microfluidic device technology. Sci Rep 2023;13(1):17052. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44273-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gameiro S.F., Mymryk J.S. Special issue “Human papillomavirus clinical research: From infection to cancer”. J Clin Med 2022;11(14):4225. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144225</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Yu L., Fei L., Liu X. et al. Application of p16/Ki-67 dual-staining cytology in cervical cancers. J Cancer 2019;10(12):2654–60. DOI: 10.7150/jca.32743</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang R., Ge X., You K. et al. p16/Ki-67 dual staining improves the detection specificity of high-grade cervical lesions. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018;44(11):2077–84. DOI: 10.1111/jog.13760</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sun H., Shen K., Cao D. Progress in immunocytochemical staining for cervical cancer screening. Cancer Manag Res 2019;11:1817–27. DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S195349</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Peeters E., Wentzensen N., Bergeron C. et al. Meta-analysis of the accuracy of p16 or p16/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry versus HPV testing for the detection of CIN 2+/CIN 3+ in triage of women with minor abnormal cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2019;127(3):169–80. DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Qian Q.P., Zhang X., Ding B. et al. Performance of P16/Ki-67 dual staining in triaging hr-HPV-positive population during cervical cancer screening in the younger women. Clin Chim Acta 2018;483:281–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu Y., Ren C., Yang L. et al. Performance of p16/Ki-67 immunostaining, HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing, and HPV DNA assay to detect high-grade cervical dysplasia in women with ASCUS. BMC Cancer 2019;19(1):271. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5492-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Y., Zhao J., Hu J. et al. Significance of p16/Ki-67 double immunocytochemical staining in cervical cytology ASCUS, LSIL, and ASC-H. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2017;52(11):734–9. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2017.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao S., Zhao X., Hu S. et al. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotype prevalence and attribution to cervical precancerous lesions in rural North China. Chin J Cancer Res 2019;31(4):663–72. DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.04.10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Sakamoto J., Kamiura S., Okayama K. et al. Single type infection of human papillomavirus as a cause for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer in Japan. Papillomavirus Res 2018;6:46–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.10.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Karuri A.R., Kashyap V.K., Yallapu M.M. et al. Disparity in rates of HPV infection and cervical cancer in underserved US populations. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2017;9(2):254–69. DOI: 10.2741/s486</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang M.Y., Wu Z., Li T. et al. Performance of HPV genotyping combined with p16/Ki-67 in detection of cervical precancer and cancer among HPV-positive Chinese women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020;13(2):163–72. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0144</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Xu H.H., Lin A., Chen Y.H. et al. Prevalence characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Taizhou area, China: A cross-sectional study of 37,967 women from the general population. BMJ Open 2017;7(6):e014135. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014135</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Li Y., Wang H., Zhang Y. et al. Correlation between multi-type human papillomavirus infections and viral loads and the cervical pathological grade. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021;152(1):96–102. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13406</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, erosion and ectropion of the cervix. Clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2024. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цервикальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия, эрозия и эктропион шейки матки. Клинические рекомендации Мин здрава России, 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Sun M., Shen Y., Ren M.-L. et al. Meta-analysis on the performance of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining in detecting high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm. J Cancer Res Ther 2018;14(Suppl):S587–93. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.183216</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ebisch R.M., van der Horst J., Hermsen M. et al. Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology as triage test for high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women. Mod Pathol 2017;30(7):1021–31. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Yu L.L., Guo H.Q., Lei X.Q. et al. p16/Ki-67 co-expression associates high risk human papillomavirus persistence and cervical histopathology: A 3-year cohort study in China. Oncotarget 2016;7(40):64810–9. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gothwal M., Nalwa A., Singh P. et al. Role of cervical cancer biomarkers p16 and Ki-67 in abnormal cervical cytological smear. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021;71(1):72–7. DOI: 10.1007/s13224-020-01380-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Han Q., Guo H., Geng L. et al. p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology used for triage in cervical cancer opportunistic screening. Chin J Cancer Res 2020;32(2):208–17. DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.02.08</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Das D., Sengupta M., Basu K. et al. Role of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining in detection of cervical cancer precursors. J Cytol 2018;35(3):153–8. DOI: 10.4103/JOC.JOC_4_17</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang S.K., Jia M.M., Zhao D.M. et al. Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 dual staining in the detection of cervical precancer and cancer in China. Cancer Epidemiol 2019;59:123–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.12.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>El-Zein M., Gotlieb W., Gilbert L. et al. Dual staining for p16/Ki-67 to detect high-grade cervical lesions: Results from the Screening Triage Ascertaining Intraepithelial Neoplasia by Immunostain Testing study. Int J Cancer 2021;148(2):492–501. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33250</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Guedes A.C., Zeferino L.C., Syrjänen K.J. et al. Short-term outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: Considerations for management strategies and reproducibility of diagnosis. Anticancer Res 2010;30(6):2319–23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Prigenzi K.C.K., Heinke T., Salim R.C. et al. Dual p16 and Ki-67 expression in liquid-based cervical cytological samples compared to pap cytology findings, biopsies, and HPV testing in cervical cancer screening: A diagnostic accuracy study. Acta Cytol 2018;62(2):104–14. DOI: 10.1159/000487504</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Bonde J.H., Sandri M.-T., Gary D.S. et al. Clinical utility of human papillomavirus genotyping in cervical cancer screening: A systematic review. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020;24(1):1–13. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000494</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bebneva T.N., Dikke G.B. Prognostic value of Ki-67 and p16 protein expression in pregnant women infected with HPV in assessing the course of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Practicheskaya meditsina = Practical Medicine 2020;18(6):24–9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бебнева Т.Н., Дикке Г.Б. Прогностическое значение экспрессии белков Ki-67 и p16 у беременных женщин, инфицированных ВПЧ, в оценке течения интраэпителиальных поражений шейки матки. Практическая медицина 2020;18(6):24–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
