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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1392</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2025-21-4-91-98</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical treatment of vulvar cancer: results of a pilot study implementing a new lymph node classification and a brief literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургическое лечение рака вульвы: результаты пилотного исследования с внедрением новой классификации лимфаденэктомии и краткий обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-2408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saevets</surname><given-names>Valeriya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саевец</surname><given-names>Валерия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-8812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulrikh</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульрих</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Head of the Research and Development Department of Reproductive Technologies, Professor of the Department of Oncology, Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник, руководитель НИО репродуктивных технологий, профессор кафедры онкологии, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-8607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-0608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4139-2046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-912X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taratonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таратонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lalili2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Челябинский областной клинический центр онкологии и ядерной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South-Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Saevets V.V., Ulrikh E.A., Mukhin A.A., Shamanova A.Y., Kuzmin N.K., Taratonov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Саевец В.В., Ульрих Е.А., Мухин А.А., Шаманова А.Ю., Кузьмин Н.К., Таратонов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saevets V.V., Ulrikh E.A., Mukhin A.A., Shamanova A.Y., Kuzmin N.K., Taratonov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саевец В.В., Ульрих Е.А., Мухин А.А., Шаманова А.Ю., Кузьмин Н.К., Таратонов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1392">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1392</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Vulvar cancer is a rare oncological disease, accounting for about 4 % of all malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. A characteristic feature of this disease is the predominant involvement of elderly women, which complicates treatment due to the presence of concomitant pathology. Standard surgical treatment, including radical vulvectomy with inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy (LAE), is traditionally associated with a high risk of postoperative complications. This necessitates the development and implementation of less invasive approaches that can reduce the frequency of complications while maintaining oncological radicality.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a new classification of LAE volumes, developed to reduce the frequency of postoperative complications in patients with vulvar cancer.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 37 patients with a morphologically verified diagnosis of stage IB vulvar cancer. Depending on tumor characteristics and data from instrumental research methods, patients underwent various interventions on the inguinal-femoral lymph nodes: signal lymph node biopsy using technetium (<italic>n</italic> = 10), superficial (modified) inguinal-femoral LAE (<italic>n</italic> = 13), or classical inguinal-femoral LAE (<italic>n</italic> = 14). All patients underwent radical vulvectomy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Analysis of the postoperative period showed that in the groups with signal node biopsy and superficial LAE, there were no postoperative complications. At the same time, in the classical inguinal-femoral LAE group, complications were recorded in 50 % of patients. Metastatic lymph node involvement was detected in 7.6 % of cases in the superficial LAE group and in 14.2 % of cases in the classical LAE group. During the follow-up period, no disease recurrences were noted in the groups with sentinel node biopsy and superficial LAE.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> А personalized approach to selecting the extent of LAE based on the proposed classification, which takes into account the size and location of the primary tumor, significantly reduces the frequency of postoperative complications while maintaining oncological radicality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Рак вульвы представляет собой редкое онкологическое заболевание, составляющее около 4 % всех злокачественных новообразований женской репродуктивной системы. Особенностью данного заболевания является преимущественное поражение женщин пожилого возраста, что усложняет лечение в связи с наличием сопутствующей патологии. Стандартное хирургическое лечение, включающее радикальную вульвэктомию с пахово-бедренной лимфаденэктомией (ЛАЭ), традиционно сопряжено с высоким риском развития послеоперационных осложнений. Это диктует необходимость разработки и внедрения менее инвазивных подходов, позволяющих снизить частоту осложнений при сохранении онкологической радикальности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – внедрение и оценка эффективности новой классификации по объему ЛАЭ, разработанной с целью снижения частоты послеоперационных осложнений у пациенток с начальным раком вульвы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование было включено 37 пациенток с морфологически верифицированным диагнозом рака вульвы IB стадии. В зависимости от характеристик опухоли и данных инструментальных методов исследования пациенткам выполнялись различные по объему вмешательства на пахово-бедренных лимфатических узлах: биопсия сигнального лимфатического узла с использованием технеция (<italic>n</italic> = 10), поверхностная (модифицированная) пахово-бедренная ЛАЭ (<italic>n</italic> = 13) или классическая пахово-бедренная ЛАЭ (<italic>n</italic> = 14). Всем пациенткам проведена вульвэктомия с реконструктивным компонентом.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Анализ послеоперационного периода показал, что в группах с биопсией сигнального узла и поверхностной ЛАЭ послеоперационные осложнения отсутствовали. В то же время в группе классической пахово-бедренной ЛАЭ осложнения были зарегистрированы у 50 % пациенток. Метастатическое поражение лимфатических узлов было выявлено в 7,6 % случаев в группе поверхностной ЛАЭ и в 14,2 % случаев в группе классической ЛАЭ. За период наблюдения рецидивов заболевания в группах с биопсией сторожевого узла и поверхностной ЛАЭ не отмечено.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Персонализированный подход к выбору объема ЛАЭ на основе предложенной классификации, учитывающей размер и локализацию первичной опухоли, позволяет значительно снизить частоту послеоперационных осложнений за счет сокращения объема ЛАЭ при сохранении онкологической радикальности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vulvar cancer</kwd><kwd>signal lymph node</kwd><kwd>lymphadenectomy level</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак вульвы</kwd><kwd>сигнальный лимфатический узел</kwd><kwd>уровень лимфаденэктомии</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>SEER Cancer Statistics Factsheets: Vulvar Cancer. 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