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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1408</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2025-21-3-68-81</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAMMOLOGY. CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАММОЛОГИЯ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multimodal optical coherence tomography of breast tissue in clarifying diagnostics of early forms of breast cancer: analysis of clinical cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мультимодальная оптическая когерентная томография тканей молочной железы в уточняющей диагностике ранних форм рака молочной железы: разбор клинических случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorontsov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронцов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 / 1 Delovaya St.,  Nizhny Novgorod 603126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603126 Нижний Новгород, ул. Деловая, 11 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubarkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губарькова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Vladimirovna Gubarkova </p><p>10 / 1 Ploshchad Minina and Pozharskogo, Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Владимировна Губарькова </p><p>603950 Нижний Новгород, площадь Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><email>kgybarkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Ploshchad Minina and Pozharskogo, Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603950 Нижний Новгород, площадь Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sovetsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Советский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Ulyanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603950 Нижний Новгород, ул. Ульянова, 46</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Ulyanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603950 Нижний Новгород, ул. Ульянова, 46</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 / 1 Delovaya St.,  Nizhny Novgorod 603126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603126 Нижний Новгород, ул. Деловая, 11 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buday</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будай</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 / 1 Delovaya St.,  Nizhny Novgorod 603126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603126 Нижний Новгород, ул. Деловая, 11 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirotkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сироткина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Ploshchad Minina and Pozharskogo, Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603950 Нижний Новгород, площадь Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamayunov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамаюнов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 / 1 Delovaya St.,  Nizhny Novgorod 603126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603126 Нижний Новгород, ул. Деловая, 11 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manikhas</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манихас</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>70 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Clinical Oncology “Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ НО «Научно-исследовательский институт клинической онкологии «Нижегородский областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Институт прикладной физики им. А. В. Гапонова-Грехова Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.M. Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий им. акад. А. М. Гранова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1408">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1408</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Efficient multimodal diagnostics of tumor type and intraoperative assessment of resection margins purity are the main indicators for reducing the risk of local recurrence after organ-preserving surgery (OPS) in patients with early breast cancer. The use of new high-resolution imaging techniques, an integrated approach to data analysis and numerical image processing will improve the overall efficiency of diagnostics and surgical treatment of tumors at early stages. The objective of the presented clinical observations was to demonstrate the advantages of an integrated approach to breast cancer diagnostics, which includes, in addition to standard ultrasound elastography, tissue examination by multimodal optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the modes of visualizing the structure and calculating tissue stiffness.</p><p>We demonstrate clinical examples of two malignant breast tumors with a similar diagnosis of “invasive cancer of a nonspecific type, moderate malignancy, T1–2N0M0”. The patients underwent preoperative standard ultrasound examination and subsequent OPS with additional intraoperative multimodal OCT in the modes of structural OCT with visualization of the attenuation coefficient and OCT-elastography with calculation of Young modulus in kilopascals. The examples of a tumor that was erroneously classified as benign according to the results of preoperative compression ultrasound elastography and another tumor that was correctly classified as malignant are considering. Post-operative tissue examination using multimodal OCT allowed us to establish that both cases demonstrate features of malignancy: quantitative processing of structural OCT images of the mammary gland tissues revealed a decrease in the attenuation coefficient of the OCT signal (&lt;4 mm<sup>–1</sup>) in both cases, which is typical for tumor tissue; stiffness maps constructed from the OCT data demonstrated high stiffness values (&gt;400  kPa), which indicated the presence of tumor cells / tissue in both cases, which was confirmed by histological examination. It has been established that, compared with ultrasound elastography and structural OCT, OCT-elastography method allows more accurate determination of malignant tumors and clear visualization of the boundary between non-tumor and tumor tissues of the mammary gland.</p><p>Multimodal OCT with complex calculation of the OCT signal attenuation coefficient and stiffness values  has a certain potential for improving the intraoperative assessment of tumor structure features and determining the resection margins of breast cancer in OPS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эффективная мультимодальная диагностика типа опухоли и интраоперационная оценка чистоты краев резекции являются главными показателями для снижения риска развития местного рецидива после органосохраняющих операций (ОсО) у пациентов с ранним раком молочной железы. Применение новых высокоразрешающих методов визуализации, комплексный подход к анализу данных и численная обработка изображений позволят повысить общую эффективность диагностики и хирургического лечения опухолей на ранних стадиях.</p><p>Целью представленных клинических наблюдений являлась демонстрация преимущества комплексного подхода к диагностике рака молочной железы, включающего, помимо стандартной ультразвуковой эластографии, исследование тканей методом мультимодальной оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) в режимах визуализации структуры и расчета жесткости ткани.</p><p>Мы демонстрируем клинические примеры 2 злокачественных опухолей молочной железы со схожим диагнозом «инвазивный рак неспецифического типа, средней степени злокачественности, T1–2N0M0». Пациентам были проведены предоперационное стандартное ультразвуковое исследование и последующая ОсО с дополнительной интраоперационной мультимодальной ОКТ в режимах структурной ОКТ с визуализацией коэффициента затухания и ОКТ-эластографии с расчетом модуля Юнга в килопаскалях. Рассматриваются примеры опухоли, которая по результатам предоперационной компрессионной ультразвуковой эластографии была ошибочно классифицирована как доброкачественная, и другой опухоли, которая была классифицирована правильно – как злокачественная. Последовавшее за ОсО изучение тканей методом мультимодальной ОКТ позволило установить, что оба случая демонстрируют признаки злокачественности: количественная обработка структурных ОКТ-изображений тканей молочной железы выявила в обоих случаях снижение коэффициента затухания ОКТ-сигнала (&lt;4 мм<sup>–1</sup>), что характерно для опухолевой ткани; построенные по данным ОКТ карты жесткости демонстрировали высокие значения жесткости (&gt;400 кПа), которые указывали на наличие опухолевых клеток / ткани в обоих случаях, что было подтверждено при гистологическом исследовании. установлено, что по сравнению с ультразвуковой эластографией и структурной ОКТ метод ОКТ-эластографии позволяет более точно определить злокачественные опухоли и четко визуализировать границу между неопухолевой и опухолевой тканями молочной железы.</p><p>Мультимодальная ОКТ с комплексным расчетом коэффициента затухания ОКТ-сигнала и значений жесткости имеет определенный потенциал для улучшения интраоперационной оценки особенностей структуры опухоли и определения границ резекции рака молочной железы при ОсО.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>organ-preserving surgery</kwd><kwd>resection margin</kwd><kwd>tumor boundary</kwd><kwd>multimodal optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography-elastography</kwd><kwd>ultrasound elastography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>органосохраняющая операция</kwd><kwd>край резекции</kwd><kwd>граница опухоли</kwd><kwd>мультимодальная оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография – эластография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая эластография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality). 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