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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2026-22-1-82-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical significance of the histological type of tumor in determining the extent of surgical staging in early-stage ovarian cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническое значение гистологического типа опухоли в выборе объема хирургического стадирования при раннем раке яичников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>idk.alen@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-4525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchuk</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевчук</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Institute of Surgery, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Ministry of Health of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра онкологии и лучевой терапии Института хирургии ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>idk.alen@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-0854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonovskaya</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихоновская</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>idk.alen@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1475">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/1475</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Surgery is the standard treatment for patients with stage IA–IIA ovarian cancer (OC). In early-stage disease, the operative approach aims at complete removal of the primary tumor and comprehensive surgical staging. Accumulated international data demonstrate differences in the patterns and frequency of metastatic spread depending on the histological subtype of OC, which underscores the relevance of targeted investigation of these features.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the frequency and pattern of metastatic spread in early-stage ovarian adenocarcinomas according to their histological subtype.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective study was conducted including 183 patients with early-stage ovarian cancer (FIGO 2014 stages IA–IIA) who underwent surgery at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2010 and 2024. The analysis included patients after primary surgery (<italic>n</italic> = 74 (40.4 %)) and restaging procedures (<italic>n</italic> = 109 (59.6 %)). All patients underwent surgical staging with lymphadenectomy followed by histological and cytological examination. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ² test and nonparametric methods.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Analysis of metastatic patterns showed the following frequency of metastasis detection: in the contralateral ovary – 22 (12 %) cases, fallopian tube – 16 (8.7 %), uterine body – 7 (3.8 %), omentum – 9 (4.9 %), peritoneal biopsies – 7 (3.8 %), pelvic lymph nodes – 5 (2.7 %), para-aortic lymph nodes – 3 (1.7 %), and in both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes simultaneously – 1 (0.5 %) case. Tumor cells in peritoneal washings or ascitic fluid were identified in 35 patients (19 %). Postoperative upstaging occurred in 32.7 % (<italic>n</italic> = 60) of patients, primarily due to the detection of tumor cells in peritoneal washings or ascitic fluid (stage IC3).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Surgical staging is an essential component of treatment for early-stage OC. Nevertheless, further accumulation of clinical data is needed to better characterize the metastatic patterns associated with different histological subtypes of OC, which is crucial for resolving the ongoing debate regarding the optimal extent of surgical staging.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Хирургический метод является стандартом лечения пациенток с IA–IIA стадиями рака яичников (РЯ). Оперативное вмешательство у больных ранним РЯ направлено на полное удаление первичной опухоли и проведение процедур хирургического стадирования. Накопленные мировым сообществом данные демонстрируют различия вариантов и частоты метастазирования опухоли в зависимости от гистологического типа РЯ, что делает актуальным их прицельное изучение.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить частоту и характер метастазирования аденокарцином яичников клинически ранних стадий в зависимости от гистологической структуры опухоли.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено ретроспективное исследование, включившее 183 пациентки с ранним РЯ IA–IIA стадий (FIGO 2014), оперированных в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина в период с 2010 по 2024 г. В анализ вошли пациентки после первичных (<italic>n</italic> = 74 (40,4 %)) и рестадирующих операций (<italic>n</italic> = 109 (59,6 %)). Всем больным выполнялось хирургическое стадирование с лимфаденэктомией и последующим гистологическим и цитологическим исследованием. Для статистической обработки использованы χ²-тест и непараметрические методы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Анализ данных, направленный на оценку характера метастазирования, показал следующую частоту обнаружения метастазов: в контралатеральном яичнике – 22 (12 %), в маточной трубе – 16 (8,7 %), в теле матки – 7 (3,8 %), в большом сальнике – 9 (4,9 %), в биоптатах брюшины – 7 (3,8 %), в тазовых лимфатических узлах – 5 (2,7 %), в парааортальных лимфатических узлах – 3 (1,7 %), одновременно в тазовых и парааортальных лимфатических узлах – 1 (0,5 %). Опухолевые клетки в жидкости из брюшной полости или смывах с брюшины были обнаружены у 35 (19 %) пациенток. После операции стадия заболевания увеличена у 32,7 % (<italic>n</italic> = 60) больных, главным образом из-за выявления опухолевых клеток в смывах или жидкости из брюшной полости (стадия IC3).</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Выполнение хирургического стадирования является неотъемлемой частью лечения раннего РЯ. Несмотря на это, необходимо дальнейшее накопление клинических данных, направленных на оценку особенностей метастазирования различных гистологических вариантов РЯ, для окончательного разрешения дискуссии об объеме хирургического стадирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>pelvic lymphadenectomy</kwd><kwd>para-aortic lymphadenectomy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний рак яичников</kwd><kwd>тазовая лимфаденэктомия</kwd><kwd>парааортальная лимфаденэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovarian cancer/fallopian tube cancer/primary peritoneal cancer. Clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Russia. 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/547_3. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рак яичников/рак маточной трубы/первичный рак брюшины. 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