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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">410</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2014-0-4-51-56</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. PROBLEM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ПРОБЛЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High rate of mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, NBN, and BLM genes in Russian ovarian cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Высокая частота мутаций в генах BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, NBN, BLM у больных раком яичников в российской популяции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bateneva</surname><given-names>Ye. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elena.bateneva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulyandina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюляндина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcheryakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещеряков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhordania</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жорданиа</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsai</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицай</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadochnikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадочникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubchenko</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любченко</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow&#13;
&#13;
“DNA-Technology Research-and-Production”, LLC, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина», Москва&#13;
&#13;
ЗАО «НПФ ДНК-Технология», Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина», Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“DNA-Technology Research-and-Production”, LLC, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЗАО «НПФ ДНК-Технология», Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского», Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-11-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-01-06"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-01-06"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/410">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/410</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) is an important problem in modern gynecological oncology due to significant detection rates for late-stage tumors. Intensive screening of patients from high-risk groups that include OC predisposition gene mutation carriers is indicated.</p><p><bold>Subjects and methods.</bold> An unselected group of 202 patients with OC and two control groups of blood donors: 591 healthy females; 1197 persons (including 591 females, 606 males) were examined. Patients and healthy individuals who identified themselves as ethnic Russians and residents of the Russian Federation participated in the study. Whole peripheral blood samples were collected at the Clinical Subdivisions of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center and at the Department of Transfusiology of the Acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery in 2012–2013. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. DNA was extracted using a Prep-GS-Genetics reagent kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction genotyping assay was carried out by melting-curve analysis employing an BRCA SNP genotyping kit(BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations) and original oligonucleotides (CHEK2, NBN, and BLM gene mutations). Thirteen population-specific mutations, including 7 (185delAG, 4153delA, 5382insC, 3819delGTAAA, 3875delGTCT, 300T&gt;G, and 2080delA) in the BRCA1 gene, 1 (6174delT) in the BRCA2 gene, 3 (1100delC, IVS2+1G&gt;A, and 470T&gt;C) in the CHEK2 gene, 1 (657delACAAA) in the NBN gene, and 1 (1642C&gt;T) in the BLM gene, were genotyped. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using a DTprime real-time detection thermal cycler.</p><p><bold>Results and discussion.</bold> BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations were detected in 46 (22.8 %) patients with OC; the prevailing mutation in the BRCA1 gene was 5382insC (58.7 %). OC was diagnosed in 32.6 % of the patients aged 51 years or older. The rate of moderate-penetrance mutations (1100delC and IVS2+1G&gt;A in the CHEK2 gene, 657del5 in the NBN gene, and 1642C&gt;T in the BLM gene) was 0.5–1.0 % in the group of OC patients and 0–0.3 % in the control group of healthy women. The majority of these patients (5/6) were diagnosed with OC at age less than 50 years. The CHEK2 mutation, 470T&gt;C, was more frequently encountered in the control group (6.6 %) than in the OC patient group (5.0 %). High rate of the CHEK2 mutation, IVS2+1G&gt;A, was first shown for OC patients in the Russian Federation, the odds ratio was 11.9 (95 % confidence interval, 9.5–14.3; p = 0.056). It was preliminarily concluded that it played an important role in the development of OC in the Russian population; our findings should be verified in further investigations. The difference in the rate of mutations, such as 1100delC, IVS2+1G&gt;A and 470T&gt;C in the CHEK2 gene, 657del5 in the NBN gene, 1642C&gt;T in the BLM gene, were insignificant in the patient and control groups, which may be related to the low population rate of these genetic markers and, in case of the CHEK2 mutation, 470T&gt;C, may be linked to its low penetrance. By taking into account the fact that numerous studies have proven the clinical significance of all examined moderate-penetrance mutations whose prevalence in the Russian population has been confirmed by the authors of this paper, the inclusion of the mutations in a diagnostic panel to detect hereditary predisposition to OC is substantiated. The associated risks are higher for the rare mutations leading to the formation of truncated nonfunctional proteins, which are 1100delC and IVS2+1G&gt;A in the CHEK2 gene, 657del5 in the NBN gene, and 1642C&gt;T in the BLM gene. The penetrance of the CHEK2 mutation, 470T&gt;C, is lower, which should be kept in mind during medical genetic counselling.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The total rate of mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, NBN, and BLM genes in patients with OC was 30.7 %, which determines the expediency of molecular genetic screening in this category of patients.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Ранняя диагностика рака яичников (РЯ) представляет собой важную проблему современной онкогинекологии в связи со значительной частотой выявления опухолей на поздних стадиях. Интенсивный скрининг показан пациенткам из группы высокого риска, в которую входят носители мутаций в генах предрасположенности к РЯ.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследованы неотобранная группа больных РЯ (n = 202) и контрольные группы: здоровые женщины-доноры первичной кроводачи (n = 591) и смешанная по полу группа доноров (n = 1197, из них 591 женщина и 606 мужчин). В исследовании приняли участие больные РЯ и здоровые женщины и мужчины, идентифицирующие себя как русские и постоянно проживающие на территории РФ. Сбор материала (цельной периферической крови) был проведен на базе клинических подразделений ФГБНУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» и в отделении трансфузиологии ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского» в 2012–2013 гг. У всех участников было получено информированное согласие на проведение исследования. Экстракцию ДНК проводили с помощью набора реагентов Проба-ГС-Генетика. Генотипирование проведено методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с анализом кривых плавления с использованием набора ОнкоГенетика (мутации в генах BRCA1 и BRCA2) и оригинальных олигонуклеотидов (мутации в генах CHEK2, NBN, BLM). Генотипированы 13 популяционно-специфических мутаций: 7 в гене BRCA1 (185delAG, 4153delA, 5382insC, 3819delGTAAA, 3875delGTCT, 300T&gt;G, 2080delA), 1 в гене BRCA2 (6174delT), 3 в гене CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G&gt;A, 470T&gt;C), 1 в гене NBN (657delACAAA), 1 в гене BLM (1642C&gt;T). Полимеразную цепную реакцию проводили с использованием детектирующего амплификатора ДТпрайм.</p><p><bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Мутации в генах BRCA1 и BRCA2 были обнаружены у 46 (22,8 %) больных РЯ, преобладала (58,7 %) мутация 5382insC в гене BRCA1. У 32,6 % пациенток РЯ был диагностирован в возрасте 51 года и старше. Частота среднепенетрантных мутаций (1100delC и IVS2+1G&gt;A в гене CHEK2, 657del5 в гене NBN, 1642C&gt;T в гене BLM) составила 0,5–1,0 % в группе больных РЯ и 0–0,3 % в контрольной группе здоровых женщин. У большинства этих пациенток (5/6) РЯ был диагностирован в возрасте до 50 лет. Мутация 470T&gt;C в гене CHEK2 чаще встречалась в контрольной группе (6,6 %), чем в группе больных РЯ (5,0 %). Впервые в РФ показана высокая частота мутации IVS2+1G&gt;A в гене CHEK2 в неотобранной группе больных РЯ: отношение шансов составило 11,9 (95 % доверительный интервал 9,5–14,3; p = 0,056). Сделан предварительный вывод о ее важной роли в развитии РЯ в российской популяции, наши результаты должны быть верифицированы в последующих исследованиях. Для мутаций 1100delC, IVS2+1G&gt;A и 470T&gt;C в гене CHEK2, 657del5 в гене NBN, 1642C&gt;T в гене BLM различия частоты в группе больных РЯ с контрольной группой не были достоверны, что, предположительно, связано с низкой популяционной встречаемостью этих генетических маркеров; а в случае с мутацией 470T&gt;C в гене CHEK2 – с ее невысокой пенетрантностью. Учитывая доказанную в многочисленных исследованиях клиническую значимость всех изученных среднепенетрантных мутаций и подтвержденную нами их распространенность в российской популяции, их включение в диагностическую панель для выявлениянаследственной предрас положенности к РЯ является обоснованным. Ассоциированные риски выше для редких мутаций, приводящих к образованию укороченных нефункциональных белков: 1100delC и IVS2+1G&gt;A в гене CHEK2, 657del5 в гене NBN и 1642C&gt;T в гене BLM. Пенетрантность мутации 470T&gt;C в гене CHEK2 ниже, необходимо принимать во внимание этот факт при проведении медико-генетического консультирования.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Суммарная частота мутаций в генах BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, NBN, BLM у больных РЯ составила 30,7 %, что обуславливает целесообразность проведения молекулярно-генетического скрининга в этой категории больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>hereditary predisposition</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>CHEK</kwd><kwd>NBN</kwd><kwd>BLM</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>founder effect</kwd><kwd>Russian population</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>наследственная предрасположенность</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>CHEK2</kwd><kwd>NBN</kwd><kwd>BLM</kwd><kwd>полиме- разная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>эффект основателя</kwd><kwd>российская популяция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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