Tumors of female reproductive systemTumors of female reproductive systemОпухоли женской репродуктивной системы1994-40981999-8627Publishing House ABV Press42510.17650/1994-4098-2015-1-76-82GYNECOLOGY. DIAGNOSISГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ДИАГНОСТИКАCURRENT STATUS OF PROBLEM OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND ITS SOLUTIONS (LITERATURE REVIEW)СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ РАКА ЯИЧНИКОВ И ПУТИ ЕЕ РЕШЕНИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)MakarovO. V.МакаровО. В.
Russian Federation

 

 

 

MoshkovskiyS. A.МошковскийС. А.
Russian Federation
KarpovaM. A.КарповаМ. А.
Russian Federation
NarimanovaM. R.НаримановаМ. Р.
Russian Federation
safarovametanat@yandex.ruN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997, RussiaРоссия, 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical ChemistryФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии им. В.Н. Ореховича»10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, RussiaРоссия, 119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 102904201511176823004201530042015https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/425

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the reproductive system. The five-year survival rate is extremely low. This disease is difficult to verify due to lack of pathognomonic symptoms and timely diagnosis. The key issue to increase survival in ovarian cancer is finding new methods for early diagnosis. Thus, the development of new methods for diagnosis of ovarian cancer is one of the most urgent problems in modern oncology. The basic approach in this matter is searching for new biomarkers of ovarian cancer, which will be characterized by such concepts as sensitivity and specificity. Biomarkers present in modern oncology, including CA-125, have insufficient specificity and have low sensitivity. The advantage of using a combination of several diagnostic biomarkers instead of one or panels of markers has been proved. Modern proteomic technologies such as two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometric methods are a valuable tool for finding new biomarkers for various malignancies, particularly ovarian cancer. The best results are achieved by using SELDI-TOF technology (Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight), combining the use of chromatographic protein chips with mass spectrometric detection. Serum amyloid A1 deserves the greatest attention between all of the biomarkers identified using mass spectrometric methods, as its ability to have a direct influence on the development of the tumor has been proved. Also its increase by hundreds of times during the disease has been found compared to the other candidate biomarkers identified by mass spectrometry. The main characteristics of serum amyloid 1A have been analyzed and found as one of the most promising markers for the combined determination for prompt diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Рак яичников (РЯ) является одной из наиболее распространенных злокачественных опухолей органов репродуктивной системы. Пятилетняя выживаемость остается крайне низкой. Это заболевание трудно поддается верификации вследствие отсутствия патогномоничных симптомов и своевременной диагностики. Ключевым вопросом для увеличения выживаемости при РЯ является поиск новых методов ранней диагностики. Таким образом, разработка новых методов диагностики РЯ – это одна из наиболее актуальных проблем современной онкологии. Основным подходом в данном вопросе является поиск новых биомаркеров РЯ, которые будут характеризоваться такими понятиями, как чувствительность и специфичность. Имеющиеся в арсенале современной онкологии биомаркеры, в том числе и СА-125, обладают недостаточной специфичностью и имеют невысокую чувствительность. Доказано преимущество использования сочетания нескольких диагностических биомаркеров вместо одного или панелей маркеров. Современные протеомные технологии, такие как двумерный электрофорез, масс-спектрометрические методы, являются значимым инструментом для поиска новых биомаркеров при различных злокачественных заболеваниях, в частности РЯ. Наилучшие результаты достигнуты при использовании технологии SELDI-TOF (surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight – усиленная поверхностью лазерная десорбция/ионизация с регистрацией времени пролета), совмещающей применение хроматографических белковых чипов с масспектрометрической детекцией. Из всех биомаркеров, идентифицированных с использованием масс-спектрометрических методов, наибольшее внимание заслуживает сывороточный амилоид А1, так как доказана его способность оказывать непосредственное влияние на развитие опухоли. Также выявлено повышение его уровня в сотни раз при заболевании по сравнению с другими биомаркерамиандидатами, выявленными при помощи масс-спектрометрии. Проанализированы основные характеристики сывороточного амилоида А1 как одного из перспективных маркеров для комбинированного определения в целях своевременной диагностики РЯ.

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