Tumors of female reproductive systemTumors of female reproductive systemОпухоли женской репродуктивной системы1994-40981999-8627Publishing House ABV Press45110.17650/1994-4098-2015-11-3-76-86GYNECOLOGY. CLINICAL LECTUREГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЕКЦИЯNeuroendocrine tumors of the vaginaНейроэндокринные опухоли влагалищаNikogosyanS. O.НикогосянС. О.
Russian Federation
sic4@yandex.ruTagibovaT. Sh.ТагибоваТ. Ш.
Russian Federation
AnurovaO. A.АнуроваО. А.
Russian Federation
MarkovichA. A.МарковичА. А.
Russian Federation
KorolenkovaL. I.КороленковаЛ. И.
Russian Federation
KuznetsovV. V.КузнецовВ. В.
Russian Federation
N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research CenterФГБНУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина»23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, RussiaРоссия, 115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 231609201511376861509201515092015https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/451

The paper covers the most important topographic-anatomic and histological characteristics of the vagina, gives general information on the epidemiology of primary vaginal cancer (VC), on the rules of its staging, describes the frequently encountered morphological types of this tumor, and indicates the properties and features of the course of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including the most common manifestations of carcinoid syndrome and the symptoms of tumor hypersecretion of a number of biologically active substances. It also indicates the most common sites of NETs, the rules of their classification according to the grade and mitotic activity of tumor cells, as well as major methods for biochemical and radiological diagnosis. The immunohistochemical NET markers that can diagnose VC, their physiological role, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as the possibility of determining them in the body’s biological environments in order to increase physicians’ awareness are described in detail and the main aspects of tumor immunohistochemical staining are denoted. The role of circulating tumor cells as a promising method to specify the extent of NETs is defined. The paper gives epidemiological information on the development of vaginal NET and summarizes the available data by their clinical course and treatment results. It provides current guidelines on the required treatment volume and specifies the role of surgical intervention and the necessary volume if the intervention is expedient. It sets forth the up-to-date guidelines for chemotherapy for small cell tumors, as well as VC, which includes the specific features of managing patients with tumor recurrences depending on the time of their development. 

В статье освещены наиболее важные топографо-анатомические и гистологические характеристики влагалища, представлены общие сведения по эпидемиологии первичного рака влагалища (РВ), правилам его стадирования, описаны часто встречающиеся морфологические варианты данной опухоли, указаны свойства и особенности течения нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО), включая наиболее частые проявления карциноидного синдрома и симптомов гиперсекреции опухолью ряда биологически активных веществ. Указаны наиболее частые места локализации НЭО, правила классификации в зависимости от степени дифференцировки и митотической активности опухолевых клеток, основные методы биохимической и радиологической диагностики. Подробно описаны иммуногистохимические маркеры НЭО, позволяющие поставить диагноз РВ, их физиологическая роль, чувствительность и специфичность, а также возможность определения в биологических средах организма в целях повышения осведомленности врачей, указаны основные аспекты иммуногистохимического окрашивания опухолей. Указана роль циркулирующих опухолевых клеток как перспективного метода уточнения распространенности НЭО. Представлены эпидемиологические сведения по развитию НЭО влагалища, обобщены имеющиеся сведения по их клиническому течению и результатам лечения. Представлены современные рекомендации по необходимому объему лечения, в том числе уточнены роль хирургического вмешательства и необходимый объем в случае целесообразности его проведения. На современном уровне изложены рекомендации по химиотерапевтическому лечению мелкоклеточных опухолей, в том числе РВ, включая особенности ведения пациентов с рецидивами опухоли в зависимости от сроков их развития. 

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