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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">938</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-1-97-102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY. REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ. ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Topical aspects of etiology and prevention of cervical cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Актуальные аспекты этиологии и профилактики рака шейки матки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-3893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshcheva</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещева</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Mariya Yurievna Leshcheva </bold></p><p><italic>10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh 394036, Russia</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Мария Юрьевна Лещева</bold> </p><p><italic>394036 Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</italic></p></bio><email>pantera7695@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-183X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astapenko</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астапенко</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh 394036, Russia</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>394036 Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-3739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabbasova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габбасова</surname><given-names>Н. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh 394036, Russia</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>394036 Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/938">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/938</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cervical cancer (CC) occupies the fifth place in the structure of female oncopathology (n Russia. The share of CC is 5.2 % among all oncological diseases. iin Russia, 6.392 women died of CC in 2018. And the mortality rate from this disease is growing every year. In recent years, there has been an increase in the mortality rate among women aged 35 to 59 years at the age of the greatest social activity. The problem of etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease remains relevant, despite the active development of medical science. The main cause of CC is considered to be the human papillomavirus of oncogenic genotypes. At the same time, even the active introduction of vaccination does not lead to a decrease in the rate of increase in morbidity and mortality from CC. At the same time, it is known that risk factors for the occurrence of the disease are early onset of sexual activity, frequent change of sexual partners, rejection of barrier methods of contraception, smoking, immunosuppression. Currently, the issue of the influence of sexually transmitted infections on the occurrence of CC has not been fully studied. We wondered what etiological factors have been most studied and reliably influence the occurrence of the disease, what preventive measures can help in this. We assume that only an integrated approach (lifestyle changes, vaccination, preventive medical examinations) can help defeat CC. The article discusses the key causes of the disease, the history of the study of the etiology of CC, the current state of the problem.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рак шейки матки (РШм) занимает 5-е место в структуре женской онкопатологии в России. доля РШм составляет 5,2 % среди всех онкологических заболеваний. В России в 2018 г. от РШм умерли 6392 женщины. и смертность от этого заболевания ежегодно растет. за последние годы отмечается увеличение показателя смертности среди женщин в возрасте от 35 до 59 лет, т. е. в возрасте наибольшей социальной активности. Проблема этиологии, патогенеза и диагностики РШм остается актуальной, несмотря на активное развитие медицинской науки. Основной причиной развития РШм принято считать вирус папилломы человека онкогенных генотипов, однако даже активное внедрение вакцинации не приводит к снижению темпов прироста заболеваемости и смертности от РШм. При этом известно, что факторами риска возникновения заболевания являются раннее начало половой жизни, частая смена половых партнеров, отказ от барьерных методов контрацепции, курение, иммуносупрессия. В настоящее время до конца не изучен вопрос влияния инфекций, передаваемых половым путем, на возникновение РШм. мы задались вопросом, какие же этиологические факторы наиболее изучены и достоверно влияют на возникновение заболевания, какие меры профилактики могут в этом помочь. мы предполагаем, что только комплексный подход (изменение образа жизни, вакцинация, профилактические медицинские осмотры) может помочь победить РШм. В статье рассматриваются ключевые причины возникновения заболевания, история изучения этиологии РШм, состояние проблемы в настоящее время.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>herpes simplex virus</kwd><kwd>cytomegalovirus</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>reproductive system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>вирус простого герпеса</kwd><kwd>цитомегаловирус</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>репродуктивная система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Harald zur Hausen. Papillomaviruses in the causation of human cancers – a brief historical account. Virology 2009;384(2):260–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.046.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Harald zur Hausen. Human papillomavirus &amp; cervical cancer. 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