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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tumors of female reproductive system</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-4098</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1999-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">968</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-2-40-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAMMOLOGY. ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАММОЛОГИЯ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and prognostic characteristics of <italic>BRCA1/2</italic>-associated breast cancer depending on the type of mutation: estrogen signaling pathway and secondary tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-прогностические особенности <italic>BRCA1/2</italic>-ассоциированного рака молочной железы в зависимости от типа мутации: сигнальный механизм эстрогена и опухоли второй локализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-7710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stukan</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стукань</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040;</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146;</p><p>350063 Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p></bio><email>jolie86@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-7945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryainova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горяинова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040;</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146;</p><p>350063 Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-8770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040;</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146;</p><p>350063 Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-4631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachmamuk</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачмамук</surname><given-names>З. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3041-520X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhray</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухрай</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenko</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименко</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-7144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-7891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758;</p><p>2 Litovskaya St., Saint Petersburg 194100;</p><p>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68;</p><p>194100 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2;</p><p>191015 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-1395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Porkhanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порханов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063 Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Oncology Dispensary No. 1, Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер №1» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/968">https://ojrs.abvpress.ru/ojrs/article/view/968</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Currently, there is growth evidence on prognostic and clinical differences in breast cancer (BC) associated with different types of <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> mutations. At the same time, a triple negative tumor phenotype is not an absolute pathognomonic sign of <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic>-associated cancer, where luminal phenotypes are being detected increasingly. In addition, attention is paid to the significance of estrogen signaling mechanism depending on the surrogate tumor type, including a triple negative phenotype due to alternative mechanisms.</p><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to evaluate significance of <italic>BRCA1 / 2-</italic>mutations in luminal BC subtypes and multiple tumors.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. A prospective study conducted in Clinical Oncology Dispensary No. 1 in Krasnodar included 443 patients with breast cancer who underwent a genetic analysis on BRCA1 / 2 genes status by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In diagnostic cases of luminal phenotype and multiple cancers histological material and blood were sent to the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russia to assess the mutation status of the <italic>BRCA1 / 2, ATM, CHEK2, NBS1, PALB2</italic> genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Statistical analysis of clinical and morphological parameters correlated with mutational status was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.22 statistical package.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. An interim analysis of data in April 2022 showed that 71 out of 304 breast cancer patients tested by polymerase chain reaction were found to be carriers of <italic>BRCA1</italic> gene mutations. NGS method revealed 20 additional mutations of the <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> genes: 11 <italic>BRCA1 </italic>mutations and 9 <italic>BRCA2</italic> mutations. PALB2 mutation was also detected in 1 patient, NBS1 mutation – in 3, CHEK2 mutation – in 2, ATM mutation – in 2 patients. Out of 91 BRCA1 / 2-associated breast cancer 21 <italic>BRCA1</italic>-mutated tumors and 9 tumors with <italic>BRCA2</italic>-mutation demonstrated luminal phenotypes. The median age of breast cancer disease did not differ in <italic>BRCA1</italic>- and <italic>BRCA2</italic>-carriers (42 years versus 40 years, <italic>p</italic> ˃0.05). <italic>BRCA1</italic> mutations are associated with poor differentiation (G3), BRCA2 mutations are associated with G<sub>2</sub> (<italic>p</italic> ˂0.001). The <italic>BRCA2</italic> mutation is characterized by a luminal tumor phenotype (<italic>p</italic> ˂0.001). There was no association of <italic>BRCA1 / BRCA2</italic> gene mutations with T and N status (<italic>p</italic> ˃0.05). Of the 91 cases of BRCA-deficient tumors, 30 (33 %) patients had primary multiple cancer: 27 (90 %) with germinal mutation <italic>BRCA1</italic> and 3 (10 %) with germinal mutation <italic>BRCA2</italic>. Contralateral breast cancer in the presence of germinal mutation <italic>BRCA1</italic> was detected in 14 patients. The frequency of primary multiple cancer and contralateral breast cancer detection did not depend on the type of <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> mutations (<italic>p</italic> ˃0.05).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. With the primary multiplicity of the tumor process and the luminal subtype of the tumor, the determination of mutations by polymerase chain reaction in real time is clearly insufficient. It is obvious that the NGS method can identify additional pathogenic mutations that predict the clinical course and indicate the possibility of personalizing therapy and the need to test relatives, including tumors with luminal phenotype and tumors of several localizations. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В настоящее время появляется все больше данных о прогностических и клинических различиях рака молочной железы (РМЖ), ассоциированного с разными типами мутаций <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic>. Тройной негативный фенотип опухоли не является абсолютным патогномоничным признаком <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic>-ассоциированного рака, при котором все чаще выявляются люминальные фенотипы. Кроме того, пристальное внимание уделено значимости сигнального механизма эстрогена в зависимости от суррогатного типа опухоли, в том числе и при тройном негативном фенотипе за счет альтернативных механизмов.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить клиническую значимость мутаций в генах <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> при люминальных подтипах РМЖ и множественном характере опухолевого процесса.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В проспективное исследование, проводимое на базе ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер №1» г. Краснодара, включено 443 больных РМЖ, которым выполнен генетический анализ статуса генов <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. При люминальных фенотипах РМЖ и множественном опухолевом процессе гистологический материал и кровь отправлялись в ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России для оценки мутационного статуса генов <italic>BRCA1 / 2, ATM, CHEK2, NBS1, PALB2</italic> методом секвенирования следующего поколения (NGS). Статистический анализ корреляций клинико-морфологических параметров с мутационным статусом выполняли с использованием статистического пакета IBM SPSS Statistics v.22.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. При промежуточном анализе данных в апреле 2022 г. из 304 больных РМЖ, протестированных методом ПЦР в ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер №1», обнаружен 71 пациент – носитель мутаций гена BRCA1. Методом NGS выявлено 20 дополнительных мутаций гена <italic>BRCA1 / 2:</italic> 11 мутаций <italic>BRCA1 </italic>и 9 мутаций <italic>BRCA2</italic>. Также мутация PALB2 была обнаружена у 1 пациентки, мутация NBS1 – у 3, мутация CHEK2 – у 2, мутация ATM – у 2 пациентов. Мутации <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> выявлены у 91 пациента с РМЖ, 21 случай люминального фенотипа отмечен при герминальных мутациях (ГМ) <italic>BRCA1, 9</italic> – при ГМ <italic>BRCA2</italic>. Медиана возраста заболевания РМЖ не различалась у носителей ГМ <italic>BCRA1</italic> и <italic>BRCA2</italic> (42 года против 40 лет, <italic>р</italic> ˃0,05). Мутации BRCA1 связаны со степенью дифференцировки G3, мутации <italic>BRCA2</italic> – с G2 (<italic>р</italic> ˂0,001). Для BRCA2-мутации характерен люминальный фенотип опухоли (<italic>р</italic> ˂0,001). Не выявлено связи мутаций генов <italic>BRCA1/2</italic> со статусами Т и N (<italic>р</italic> ˃0,005). Из 91 случая BRCA-дефицитных опухолей первично-множественный рак имели 30 (33 %) пациентов: 27 (90 %) с ГМ <italic>BRCA1</italic> и 3 (10 %) с ГМ <italic>BRCA2</italic>. Контралатеральный РМЖ при наличии ГМ <italic>BRCA1</italic> выявлен у 14 больных. Частота выявления первично-множественного рака и контралатерального РМЖ не зависела от типа мутаций <italic>BRCA1 / 2</italic> (<italic>р</italic> ˃0,005).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. При первичной множественности опухолевого процесса и люминальном подтипе опухоли определения мутаций методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени явно недостаточно. Очевидно, что методом NGS можно выявить дополнительные патогенные мутации, прогнозирующие клиническое течение, свидетельствующие о возможности персонализации терапии и необходимости тестирования родственников, в том числе при люминальном фенотипе и опухолях нескольких локализаций. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>BRCA1 / 2-mutations</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd><kwd>multiple tumors</kwd><kwd>luminal phenotype</kwd><kwd>triple negative phenotype</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>BRCA1 / 2-мутации</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>секвенирование следующего поколения</kwd><kwd>первично-множественный опухолевый процесс</kwd><kwd>опухоли второй локализации</kwd><kwd>люминальный фенотип</kwd><kwd>тройной негативный фенотип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Huzarski T., Byrski T., Gronwald J. et al. 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