Малигнизированные эндометриоз-ассоциированные овариальные и экстраовариальные неоплазии: обзор литературы

Злокачественная трансформация эндометриоидных гетеротопий развивается в 0,7-2,5 % случаев, из которых 75 % имеют овариальную локализацию, 25 % - экстраовариальную. Существует гипотеза о формировании малигнизированных эндометриоз-ассоциированных неоплазий (МЭАН) в очагах атипичного эндометриоза. В обзоре описаны механизмы канцерогенеза, клинико-морфологические особенности заболевания и принципы терапии. МЭАН обычно развиваются у молодых женщин, диагностируются на I-II стадии, в большинстве случаев представлены светлоклеточными и эндометриоидными карциномами, но также описаны редкие гистологические типы. мутации в генах CTNNB1, PTEN, PIK3CA и ARID1A часто выявляют при МЭАН. лечение МЭАН не стандартизовано, отсутствуют проспективные рандомизированные исследования. Пациентки с овариальной локализацией МЭАН получают терапию, соответствующую стандартам лечения рака яичников. больные с экстраовариальной локализацией представляют особую подгруппу пациенток, которым требуется персонализированный подход.

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