Phyllodes breast tumor. From diagnostic to pathomorphological examination

Background. Phylloid tumors are a fairly rare pathology (about 0.3–0.5 % of all breast tumors), which is why there is no single protocol for the treatment of this pathology. Also, due to the lack of data and the rare occurrence, it is difficult to diagnose and choose the final management tactics of the patient. Phylloid tumors can be benign, borderline, and malignant neoplasms, which also complicates the treatment process. The final decision on the choice of patient management tactics can be made only after receiving the results of a planned pathomorphological examination.

Materials and methods. In this article, we will discuss the results of major retrospective studies, including data on epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic approach, strategies and results of treatment of phylloid breast tumors, as well as present data on patients treated at the Russian Scientific Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the period from January 2010 to February 2021.

Results. The main methods of instrumental diagnosis of phylloid tumors are mammography, ultrasound and MRI. Morphological examination is important in making a diagnosis. Fine-needle biopsy often does not allow establishing an accurate diagnosis, and therefore the main method of diagnosis remains pathohistological examination. The main method of treatment of phylloid tumors remains surgical, where, depending on the trepan biopsy, the question of the feasibility of performing an organ-preserving operation is decided.

Conclusion. Phylloid tumors are a rare type of breast neoplasm, which is the reason for the relatively small amount of scientific research that addresses this particular problem.