Мелатонин, циркадные ритмы и рак молочной железы

Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) во всем мире занимает лидирующие позиции по заболеваемости и смертности от злокачественных новообразований у женщин. Несмотря на обширное количество исследований, посвященных этиопатогенезу данной группы злокачественных опухолей, до сих пор многие вопросы, касающиеся конкретных механизмов их возникновения и развития, остаются неизученными. На основании многочисленных работ последних лет, помимо традиционных факторов риска (таких как наследственные факторы, гормональные нарушения, факторы внешней среды и др.), зарубежные и отечественные авторы выделили новый фактор риска развития РМЖ - сферу молекулярных нарушений, затрагивающих циркадные ритмы и циркадные гены, а также метаболические и регуляторные внутриклеточные пути, регулируемые ими. было показано, что баланс между онкогенами и генами-супрессорами и такие процессы, как неоангиогенез, метастазирование и противоопухолевый иммунный ответ, зависят от функционирования системы циркадных ритмов. Одним из ключевых метаболитов в системе регуляции циркадных ритмов является мелатонин, физиологические влияния которого распространяются не только на центральную нервную систему, но и на клетки периферических тканей. исследование взаимоотношений между нарушениями циркадных ритмов, секрецией мелатонина и злокачественными опухолями является одной из важных задач современной онкологии.

В настоящем обзоре подробно рассмотрены следующие аспекты данной проблемы: взаимосвязи между циркадными ритмами, мелатонином и РМЖ; молекулярные механизмы противоопухолевого действия мелатонина при РМЖ; терапевтический потенциал мелатонина в профилактике и лечении злокачественных опухолей молочной железы в качестве прямого противоопухолевого агента, компонента сопроводительного лечения, а также в качестве радиосенсибилизатора и радиопротектора для радиотерапии. Целью настоящего обзора является исследование проблемы взаимосвязей между системой циркадных ритмов, мелатонином и молекулярными механизмами развития и прогрессирования злокачественных новообразований молочной железы, а также терапевтический потенциал мелатонина в их профилактике и лечении. Обзор основан на изучении актуальных и достоверных научных статей, обзоров, метаанализов, систематических обзоров и клинических исследований, опубликованных в системах Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, а также в рецензируемых российских журналах преимущественно за последние 5 лет.

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