Incidence of gynecological cancer and mortality from it in the Siberian Federal District in 2013–2023

Background. The incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancer in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) are higher than in Russia. In the context of the current demographic crisis against the backdrop of declining birth rates in Russia, issues of preserving and studying women’s health, including oncological health, are relevant.

Aim. Analysis of gynecological cancer epidemiological indicators in the SFD and its territories for 2013–2023.

Materials and methods. The indicators were calculated based on reporting forms No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” of the subjects of the SFD, as well as information on the number and age and sex composition of the population of these territories of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service for 2014–2023. The analysis of the indicators was carried out using the Z-criterion and regression analysis.

Results. In the SFD, over the study period, an increase in the incidence of uterine cancer (UC) by 30.0 % and ovarian cancer (OC) by 11.0 % and a decrease in cervical cancer (CC) by 13.1 % were detected. An increase in the average age of UC patients from 61.2 to 63.3 years, from 57.3 to 58.1 years for OC, and from 50.8 to 52.5 years for CC was observed. An increase in the cumulative risk of developing cancer in the SFD in 2023 was noted: 2.5 % for UC, 1.4 % for OC, and a decrease in the risk for CC to 1.6 %. A higher rate of increase in the intensive incidence rate for UC and OC was noted in women of reproductive age (51.6 and 35.5 %, respectively) than in women over 50 age group (39.3 and 5.5 %), for CC – a small increase in the indicator in the young (+0.3 %) and a decrease in the older age group (–17.3 %). Mortality decreased by 12.6 % for UC, 14.1 % for OC, and 20.8 % for CC. No significant changes in the recording reliability index were observed.

Conclusion. The results of the study on changes in dynamic epidemiological indicators can serve as a basis for adjusting territorial programs of anti-cancer measures and population screening for the purpose of early diagnosis and prevention of gynecological cancer.

1. Global Cancer Statistics 2022: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/.

2. Zhuykova L.D., Choynzonov E.L., Ananina O.A. et al. The prevalence of oncological diseases among the population of the Siberia Region and the Far East. Zdravookhranenie Rossiyskoy Federatsii = Health Care of the Russian Federation 2023;67(1): 64–71. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-1-64-71

3. Priyadarshini S., Swain P.K., Agarwal K. et al. Trends in gynecological cancer incidence, mortality, and survival among elderly women: A SEER study. Aging Med (Milton) 2024;7(2): 179–88. DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12297

4. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2022 (incidence and mortality). Ed. by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinskiy, A.O. Shakhzadova. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – filial FGBU “NMITS radiologii” Minzdrava Rossii, 2023. (In Russ.).

5. Official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. (In Russ.).

6. Berendeeva A.B., Rychikhina N.S. Acute demographic challenges in the regions of the center of Russia. Modern science-intensive technologies. Regionalnoe prilozhenie = Regional Application 2022;2(70):12–21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.6060/snt.20227002.0002.

7. Petrova G.V., Gretsova O.P., Kaprin A.D., Starinskiy V.V. Characteristics and methods of calculating medical and statistical indicators used in oncology. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – filial FGBU “NMITS radiologii” Minzdrava Rossii, 2014. 40 p. (In Russ.).

8. Zhuykova L.D., Ananina O.A., Kolomiets L.A. et al. Epidemiology of corpus uteri cancer in women of reproductive age in the Siberian Federal District. Onkologiya. Zhurnal im. P.A. Gertsena = P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology 2025;14(1):36–41. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20251401136

9. Arbyn M., Weiderpass E., Bruni L. et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: A worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8(2):e191–203. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6

10. Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Problem. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240014107.

11. Pikalova L.V., Zhuykova L.D., Kolomiets L.A. et al. Organizational and functional model of cervical cancer screening in the Tomsk Region. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU, 2024. 144 p. (In Russ.).

12. Livzan M.A., Lyalyukova E.A., Petrosian V.Yu., Chernysheva E.N. Screening of malignant neoplasms: the state of the problem in Russia and the world. Eksperimentalnaya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya = Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 2023;211(3):5–16. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-211-3-5-16

13. Tatarinova T.A., Kosagovskaya I.I. The condition and tendencies of cervical carcinoma diagnostic in the Russian Federation. Problemy sotsialnoy gigieny, zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny = Problems of Social Hygiene, Health Care and History of Medicine 2021;29(6):1547–55. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-6-1547-1555

14. Ananina O.A., Zhuykova L.D., Kolomiets L.A. et al. Estimation of the girls cost vaccination against human papillomavirus in the Siberian Federal District. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy systemy = Tumors of Female Reproductive System 2024;20(3):52–60. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2024-20-3-52-60

15. Merabishvili V.M., Urmancheeva A.F., Bakhidze E.V. et al. Malignant neoplasms of the uterine body (C54): incidence, mortality and survival of patients in the North-western Federal District of Russia (population study). Voprosy onkologii = Problems in Oncology 2025;71(1):72–84. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.37469/0507-3758-2025-71-1-72-84

16. Volchek V.S., Pochozhay V.V. Analysis of international experience in organizing screening programs for early detection of malignancies. Juvenis Scientia 2023;9(1):5–23. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_5-23

17. Chernobrovkina A.E., Starodubov V.I., Belkina N.N. Awareness of the population about primary prevention of cervical cancer. Menedzher zdravookhraneniya = Healthcare Manager 2023;(1):29– 35. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21045/1811-0185-2023-1-29-35