Причины резистентности к PARP-ингибированию и возможности ее преодоления. Клинический случай агрессивного течения BRCA-ассоциированного рака молочной железы

На сегодняшний день опции терапии BRCA-ассоциированного рака молочной железы существенно расширились с появлением нового класса препаратов – PARP-ингибиторов. Однако, несмотря на доказанную противоопухолевую эффективность препаратов, в клинической практике приобретенная резистентность к PARP-ингибиторам приводит к затруднениям в подборе дальнейшей терапии ввиду отсутствия понимания причин резистентности и алгоритма действий. Несмотря на различные механизмы резистентности к PARP-ингибиторам, выбор последующей комбинированной терапии после выявления резистентности к PARP-ингибиторам должен основываться на понимании этих механизмов и существовании гетерогенности метастатического процесса. При этом весьма важно изучать молекулярно-генетические характеристики заболевания на каждом этапе прогрессирования, что поможет выявить причину резистентности и подобрать оптимальную стратегию лечения. Вероятно, выполнение жидкостной биопсии по циркулирующей опухолевой дНК, детекция циркулирующих опухолевых клеток, циркулирующей микроРНК или экзосом могут быть более подходящими методами молекулярной диагностики, чем повторные биопсии. В настоящий момент есть данные о выявлении 2 типов резистентности к PARP-ингибиторам, включающих причины, не зависящие и зависящие от гена BRCA1/2 и механизма репарации путем гомологичной рекомбинации дНК (HRR). стратегии использования комбинаций различных терапевтических режимов совместно с PARP-ингибиторами являются весьма обнадеживающими опциями для предупреждения резистентности к терапии ввиду все возрастающего числа пациентов с подобным клиническим течением заболевания.

В представленном клиническом случае BRCA1-ассоциированный тройной негативный рак молочной железы демонстрирует агрессивное клиническое течение при отказе от адъювантной химиотерапии. также описана эффективность терапии PARP-ингибитором олапарибом при диссеминированном BRCA1-мутированном раке молочной железы, в том числе с метастазами в головной мозг. При этом на фоне хорошей переносимости и контроля над заболеванием, особенно в случае метастазов в головной мозг, применение PARP-ингибитора олапариба составляет достойную альтернативу химиотерапевтическим режимам. Подбор последующей терапии после PARP-ингибитора требует взвешенного подхода именно с учетом возможных причин перекрестной резистентности с химиотерапевтическими режимами.

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