Epidemiological assessment of breast cancer incidence in the Republic of Dagestan: current state and trends

Aim. The analysis of the dynamics of breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality among the female population of the Republic of Dagestan for 2014–2022.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data on the incidence of BC among the female population of the Republic of Dagestan for the period from 2014 to 2022. The analysis uses methods of epidemiological, statistical, comparative analysis and graphical interpretation of data.

Results. The average incidence rate of BC over the period from 2014 to 2021 was 17.7 ± 0.3 cases per 100,000 population. The dynamics of incidence over the eight-year period revealed an increase in the discussed indicator by 6.7 %.

The standardized incidence rate of breast cancer in 2014 was 41.5 % lower than the all-Russian average (28.4 cases per 100,000 population), and in 2021 it was 38.2 % lower (28.8 cases per 100,000 population). The largest share in the structure of incidence was among patients with stage II of BC. Noteworthy is the tendency to increase from 2019 to 2022 the proportion of patients with stage I from 11.8 to 20.8 % due to a decrease in the proportion of patients with stage III – from 26.1 to 19.6 %. The peak incidence of the discussed pathology in all years of the study was observed in the age group of 55–64 years, with its gradual increase from 30–40 years and decrease after 75 years. The number of deaths due to BC over the analyzed period decreased from 224 cases in 2019 to 163 cases in 2022. At the same time, one-year mortality in 2019 was 15.6 % (n = 35) of the total number of deaths, in 2020 it was 23.4 % (n = 43), in 2021 it was 15.6 % (n = 28), and in 2022 it was 16.6 % (n = 27). The standardized BC mortality rate of BC in 2021 was 12.8 cases per 100,000 population. The largest number of fatal cases was observed in the age group of 55–69 years, with its gradual increase from 40–45 years and decrease after 70 years, followed by an increase towards 80 years.

Conclusion. The conducted population study allowed us to consider in detail the features of the dynamics of BC incidence and mortality rates, population coverage of screening programs and diagnostic methods. All the data obtained and analyzed indicate the need to pay more attention to regional peculiarities, as well as to improve the medical infrastructure of the region.

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