Маммографическая плотность молочных желез и определяющие ее факторы в свете повышенного онкологического риска

Накоплено много данных о том, что высокая маммографическая плотность (МГП) является независимым фактором риска развития рака молочной железы. С учетом этого обстоятельства обобщены данные исследований относительно связи МГП с антропометрическими, гормональными, генетическими и генотоксическими факторами. Отмечена обратная связь МГП с факторами риска — возрастом, числом родов, индексом массы тела и соотношением окружности талии и окружности бедер.
В большинстве исследований установлена прямая связь МГП с уровнем пролактина и инсулиноподобным фактором роста-1 в крови у пациенток пременопаузального возраста. Связь МГП с содержанием в крови эстрогенов, тестостерона, половые гормоны связывающего глобулина, носит неоднозначный характер. Не исключено действие гормонов, особенно эстрогенов, опосредованное через катехолэстрогены и/или свободнорадикальные продукты, ассоциированные с МГП. Имеются определенные доказательства влияния генетического компонента на МГП; в первую очередь это относится к CO MT Val158Met, IGF-I rs6220 A> G и UGT1A1 у пациенток в пременопаузе, а также к ESR1 (XbaI и PvuII) — в периоде менопаузы.
Несмотря на то что на риск развития рака молочной железы, опосредуемый увеличением МГП, оказывают влияние различные факторы, существует необходимость в поиске дополнительных критериев, связанных с этим процессом, а также в выявлении и апробации мер превентивного воздействия.

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