Descriptive characteristics of gynecological malignant neoplasms

Background. Gynecological malignant neoplasms (GMN) are the leading disease group among female cancers.

Objective: to characterize GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.

Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included females (n = 5689) who had been hired at the Mayak Production Association in the period between 1948 and 1982. All these females were exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods during their employment. They were followed up until 31.12.2018. Two groups of females were identified in the study cohort: the one with a verified GMN (the main group) and another one free of GMN (the control group). The occupational and reproductive characteristics were analyzed for the identified groups of females, and associations of GMN with various risk factors were assessed.

Results. Among GMN the uterine corpus cancer had the top position. In 70 % of the females GMN were diagnosed during a menopausal period. The females of the main group demonstrated significantly higher frequency of underlying pre-malignant conditions (endometriosis, uterine myoma, endometrial hyperplastic processes, ovarian epidermoids, menopausal bleedings) compared to the control group.

Conclusion. Studies of GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods for sure are of a certain scientific and practical interest. The findings can provide the basis for specialized cancer care for employees of the nuclear industry.

1. Ginsburg O., Bray F., Coleman M.P. et al. The global burden of womens cancer: A grand challenge in global health. Lancet 2017;389(10071):847–60. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31392-7.

2. Gatagazheva Z.M., Zelenova O.V., Uzdenova Z.H. et al. Incidence and mortality from malignant diseas of female reproductive organs in the republic of Ingushetia. Sotsialnye aspekty zdorovya naseleniya = Social Aspects of Population Health 2019;65(4):1–26. (In Russ.).

3. Minakov S.N. Morbidity and mortality from breast cancer and female genital organs (cervix, uterus, ovaries) in the Moscow region in 2015. Zlokachestvennye opukholi = Malignant Tumors 2017;7(1);67–69. (In Russ.).

4. Kaprin A.D., Starinskiy V.V., Petrova G.V. Malignant neoplasms in Russia over 2017(incidence and mortality). Moscow: National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2018. 250 p. (In Russ.).

5. Pisareva L.F., Mel’nik A.A., Odintsova I.N. et al. Reproductive organ cancers: epidemiologym risk factors. Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2003;(1):56–71. (In Russ.).

6. Kozachenko V.P. Gynecological cancers: prevention, diagnostics, treatment. Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2002;(3–4):21–3. (In Russ.).

7. Moroz G.S. Gynecological malignant neoplasms in occupationally overexposed to ionizing radiation individuals. Byulleten radiatsionnoy meditsiny = Radiation Medicine Bulletin 1978;4:37–40. (In Russ.).

8. Muhammad Torequl I. Treatment strategies of cancers in female reproductive system. EC Orthopaedics 2017;7(3):135–9.

9. Utada M., Brenner A.V., Preston D.L. et al. Radiation risks of uterine cancer in atomic bomb survivors: 1958–2009. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2018;2(4):1–6. DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky081.

10. Zagaria M.A.E. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. U. S. Pharmacist 2008;33(9):28–32.

11. Lau T.C., Spiryda L.B. Diagnosis and Management of Postmenopausal Bleeding. In: Handbook of Gynecology. Springer, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17002-2_46-1.

12. Ponomarenko I.V., Demakova N.A., Altukhova O.B. Volecular mechanisms of endometrial hyperplastic processes. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Meditsina. Farmatsiya = Academic journal of the State University of Belgorod. Series: Medicine. Pharmacy 2016;19(240):17–22. (In Russ.).

13. Suleimanova N.D. Risk factors of malignant neoplasms of female genital organs (review of literature). Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy = Journal of New Medical Technologies 2014;21(1):115–21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.12737/3326.

14. Manenkov P.V. Gynecological cancers. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Kazan Medical Journal 1938;34(11–12): 1198–204. (In Russ.).

15. Kvaskoff M., Horne A.W., Missmer S. Informing women with endometriosis about ovarian cancer risk. Lancet 2017;390(10111):2433, 2434. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33049-0.

16. Zhordania K.I., Payanidi Yu.G., Kalinicheva E.V. Two ways of the development of serous epithelial “Ovarian” cancer. Onkoginekologiya = Oncogynecology 2014;3:42–8. (In Russ.).

17. Rumyantseva A.V., Azizova T.V., Pikulina M.V. Descriptive characteristics of cohort of females professionally exposed to radiation. Problemy reproduktsii = Russian Journal of Human Reproduction 2015;21(5):29–37. (In Russ.).

18. Azizova T.V., Day R.D., Wald N. et al. The “Clinic” medical-dosimetric database of Mayak production association workers: Structure. Characteristics and prospects of utilization. Health Physics 2008;94(5):449–58. DOI: 10.1097/01. HP.0000300757.00912.a2.

19. Rumyantseva A.V., Azizova T.V., Bannikova M.V. et al. Characteristics of breast cancer in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Problemy reproduktsii = Russian Journal of Human Reproduction 2019;25(5):22–9. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/repro201912505122.

20. Ashrafyan L.A., Antonova I.B., Babaeva N.A. et al. Impact of the pathogenetic type of postmenopause on the occurrence of tumors of the female reproductive system. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy sistemy = Tumors of Female Reproductive System 2013;(1–2):60–6. (In Russ.).

21. Kim H. S., Kim T.H., Chung H.H. et al. Risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with endometriosis: a metaanalysis. Brit J Cancer 2014;110:1878–90. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.29.

22. Albuquerque Neto L.C., Sartori M.G., Baracat E.C. et al. Postmenopausal genital bleeding. Sao Paulo Med J 1995;113(5):987–91. DOI: 10.1590/ s1516–31801995000500005.

23. Sobczuk K., Sobczuk A. New classification system of endometrial hyperplasia WHO 2014 and its clinical implications. Menopause Rev 2017;16(3):107–111. DOI: 10.5114/pm.2017.70589.

24. Mekhieva E.Kh., Khadzhieva Kh.S., Musaeva M.U. et al. Incidence analyses of reproductive organ malignant neoplasms in females over 2007–2017. National Russian research/ practice conference for students, young researchers and doctorate students “Science and the young”, 2018. Pp. 65–70. (In Russ.).