Analysis of the findings has shown that the complex use of radiation studies allows the valid diagnosis of the complications due to aug- mentation mammoplasty to be established.
Due to its high informative value, multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) mammography should be used as an adjuvant in high- risk patients and when there are contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging.
Bolus intravenous contrast-enhanced MSCT mammography has proved to be highly effective in differentiating scar tissue from cancer recurrences.
The inclusion of this technique into the examination program for patients with the nodules of irregular shape being around the implant, detected at ultrasonography and magnetic resonance mammography, may increase the specificity of noninvasive diagnosis of cancer, thus reducing the number of excision biopsies.

The cytological characteristics of neoplastic pleurisies were studied in 119 patients with breast cancer. There were some cytological fea- tures of pleural fluid in breast cancer and particularities of the cell composition of pleurisies with ductal and lobular breast carcinoma. Differential diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma (1.7%) and ovary carcinoma (2.5%) was made and some difficulties were run with lobular carcinoma.

Particularities of various types of breast-conserving surgery in the framework of complex treatment of early breast cancer are discussed. Combined modality (breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy) is preferred: it makes possible to reach favorable long-term results. Implementation of this approach allows most patients to rehabilitate in short period of time and to return to adequate life style.

The paper considers the effect of cytokines isolated from autologous peripheral lymphocytes on the kinetics of breast cancer, which is exhibited by induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation. The effect achieved leads to the conclusion that the isolated cytokines have antitumor action.

The use of cytostatics is frequently limited due to their high toxicity and inadequate selectivity. This makes one search for adjuvant treat- ments to limit tumor growth and extent, to eliminate traditional chemotherapy sequels, and to ensure stable and prolonged remission. This investigation has revealed the specific features of using natural and recombinant cytokines in combination with chemical agents in therapy for malignancies. The findings open up new vistas for the treatment of malignancies with natural cytokines.

The efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is directly related to the expression of CD95 (FAS/APO-1) apoptosis receptor on cancer cells, which is confirmed with the pathomorphism and changes of CD95-positive cells during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (the most effective CAF regimen is cyclophosphan, doxorubicin, and 5- fluorouracil).

Rehabilitation of patients undergoing radical mastectomy

Genital endometriosis and reproductive system tumors have the similar mechanisms of development, such as invasion, growth, metas- tasis, diminished apoptosis, and aromatase expression. Despite these similarities, endometriosis is not referred to as malignancy. According to the data available in the literature, the described cases of malignization of endometriosis foci are as high as 5%. This phe- nomenon is of interest not only from the oncological, but also biological standpoint.

Eleven cases of breast cancer (BC) diagnosed during or after in-vitro fertilization (IVF) are considered. The study group was observed to have cases of familial BC in 18.2% of the patients and BRCA1 gene mutations in 60%. At the same time 45.5% of cases had local- ly advanced and generalized BC, which suggests that there is a tumor at the initiation of a regular IVF cycle. The authors arrive at the conclusion that it is necessary to include a mammologist's examination, breast ultrasonography, and an oncogeneticist's counseling into the package of compulsory measures during IVF.

Potentialities of adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer (Part II)

The study included 68 perimenopausal patients. Group 1 comprised 34 women with endometrial hyperplastic processes (a study group); Group 2 consisted of 34 women without endometrial pathology (a control group). The authors conducted physical examination, small pelvic ultrasonography, hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy, measured the urinary estrogen metabolites 2-OHE1/16α-OHE1 ratio by enzyme immunoassay, and determined the levels of total estrogens. Statistically significantly increased 16α-OHE1 concentrations, a low 2-OHE1/16α-OHE1 ratio, and elevated levels of total estrogens were found in Group 1 women. No recurrent endometrial hyper- plasia, as well as lower levels of total estrogens and 16α-OHE1 and a higher 2-OHE1/16α-OHE1 ratio were observed after using indi- nol in a dose of 300 mg/day for 3 months in 20 patients from the study group.

The authors define mastopathies and consider the major forms of this disease. They also present the results of the clinical trials eval- uating the efficiency of the herbal drugs mastodinone and gelarium in different forms of diffuse mastopathies, accompanied by the pain syndrome of varying degree, and depression.

The oncological care system, established in Russia as early as the mid-twentieth century, is presently unable to provide an effective early diagnosis of malignancies, including reproductive system tumors. The past 10-15 years have become the years of missed oppor- tunities and losses to a greater extent than modernization of a primary obstetric and gynecological care system. This paper deals with this problem and a search for its solution.

Author reviews recent clinical studies of advanced ovarian cancer treatment with new chemotherapeutic agents. New schemes and modifications of available standard regimens are described, regimens with sequential administration of agents are evaluated and data concerning the use of new cytostatic agents and three-component combinations are reviewed.

The results of ultrasound study and surgical treatment in 248 patients aged 20 to 78 years who had ovarian epithelial malignancies were the subject of this investigation that has provided evidence that ultrasonic tomography is currently the leading imaging technique that allows specification of the ovarian cancer spread pattern and, depending on this, elaboration of adequate treatment policy.