Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method for removing multiple benign breast tumors through a single access with subsequent correction of ptosis using a hemispherical glandular flap in comparison with bilateral sectoral resection of the mammary glands.

Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted involving 154 patients with benign breast tumors who were treated from 2022 to 2024. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the type of surgery performed: group I included 78 women with removal of multiple breast tumors through a single surgical access with subsequent correction of ptosis using a hemispherical glandular flap, group II included 76 patients with bilateral sectoral resection of the mammary glands. A comparative analysis of these types of surgical treatment of benign breast tumors was performed, and the quality of life of the patients before surgery and one year after surgical treatment were assessed.

Results. When comparing the early postoperative period, no significant differences were found between the new method of removing multiple breast tumors through a single surgical access with subsequent correction of ptosis with a hemispherical glandular flap and bilateral resection of the mammary glands in terms of the number of hospital days, pain syndrome and sensitivity of the nipple-areolar complex. Carrying out surgical treatment with one-stage correction of ptosis allowed all patients to achieve a good long-term aesthetic result, avoid asymmetry, gross deformation of the mammary glands, while in group 2, 71 % of patients had aesthetic defects after surgery, p <0.001. Evaluation of the mental component of quality of life one year after surgery showed a significant advantage of performing surgical treatment in group 1 compared to that in group 2, p <0.001, which is most likely due to the removal of multiple breast tumors with simultaneous elimination of mammary ptosis, which had a positive effect on the psychoemotional state and quality of life of women.

Conclusion. Our results prove the high efficiency and advantage of a new surgical method for removing multiple benign breast tumors through a single approach with subsequent correction of ptosis with a hemispherical glandular flap in terms of immediate surgical and long-term aesthetic results and improving the quality of life of patients.

Oleogranuloma of the breast is a benign neoplasm that imitates breast cancer, which necessitates differential diagnostics between these pathologies. In this article, we have examined in detail the manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of oleogrаnuloma of the mammary gland.

Aim. To evaluate the risk factors associated with pregnancy loss in the studied cohort; to establish the clinical relevance of leukocyte-derived proteolytic enzymes as biomarkers of pregnancy loss; to develop a diagnostic and prognostic approach for early detection of pregnancy loss.

Materials and methods. The study included 152 participants aged 18 to 40 years: 35 conditionally healthy pregnant women and 117 patients diagnosed with threatened miscarriage at 5–6 weeks of gestation. These patients, based on the activity levels and quantity of leukocyte-derived proteolytic enzymes and/or pregnancy outcomes, were divided into three groups: 35 patients with a missed miscarriage, 35 patients with a complete spontaneous abortion, and 35 patients with an incomplete spontaneous abortion.

The diagnosis of threatened miscarriage was established based on clinical presentation (complaints of lower abdominal cramping and/or vaginal bleeding), as well as ultrasound findings (presence of a gestational sac in the uterine cavity). The diagnosis of complete spontaneous abortion in the main group was based on the absence of a gestational sac in the uterine cavity as confirmed by ultrasound and/or the identification of chorionic tissue on histological examination. The diagnosis of incomplete spontaneous abortion was based on the presence of retained products of conception in the uterine cavity and confirmation of chorionic tissue in histological analysis. The diagnosis of a missed miscarriage was based on deformation of the gestational sac and/or absence of embryonic cardiac activity on ultrasound. To assess cathepsin activity, biochemical assay kits were used, and the resulting data were analyzed using spectrofluorimetric methods.

Results. The new method for early diagnosis of pregnancy loss possesses high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion. The study confirmed that cathepsins are markers of miscarriage, and a method for early diagnosis and prediction of this pregnancy pathology before its clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcome was developed.