Effective preoperative systemic therapy is a key stage of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. The results of recent studies, presented at the symposium, give an insight into new possibilities of chemotherapy. The results that are most interesting and practically useful have been obtained when treating Her-2-positive tumors.

Different forms of dysplasias that are typical for 20-60% of patients are most frequently recorded among benign breast diseases.
The studies indicate that the rise in benign breast disease morbidity is not accompanied by increased health consciousness and alertness in the female population. 35-39% of women regularly visit a physician; 54-64.2% of women are regularly examined; 22.3% of patients undergo annual breast cancer screening after the age of 40 years. As high as 52-57.1% of women do breast self-exam very month.
At the same time, the timely diagnosis and treatment of benign dysplasias are of great importance due to two main circumstances: 1) the disease development is attended by significant clinical symptomatology that reduces quality of life in women; 2) the proliferative forms of dysplasias are a risk factor for breast cancer.

Information on the morphological type of a tumor is of crucial importance for successfully planning the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). Technological progress in the past decade has led to quality improvement in the diagnosis of particularly nonpalpable BC, one of whose manifestations is microcalcinates. Adequate use of mini-invasive procedures for obtaining materials for morphological analysis is favorable for extending the capabilities of accurate preoperative diagnosis verification to effectively plan a patient treatment and rehabilitation program.

The clinical efficiency of adjuvant hormone therapy has been considered in patients with operable breast cancer in international ran- domized mulricenter studies. The use of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen is shown to considerably improve relapse-free survival and to reduce the risk of distant metastases and contralateral breast cancer.

The paper describes the experience in treating 435 breast cancer patients undergoing organ-preserving operations with and without plastic repair. Both the patients’ tissues and thir combination with a silicone endoprosthesis were used for repair. The specific features of a recurrence were analyzed after organ-preserving surgery depending on the stage, treatment method (surgical or combination) and histogenesis of a tumor.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment for breast cancer (BC) patients with metastatic brain involvement. All patients (n = 15) had already received chemotherapy (CT) for the underlying disease when they were found to have brain metastases. To develop effective CT regimens for patients with recurrent brain metastases, who have received RT to the brain, is a serious problem. Combination CT with gemcitabine and cisplatin showed a high efficacy (complete and partial regressions were achieved in 47.7% of cases) and fair survival rates (median 10 months) in a group of patients with BC brain metastases and a poor prognosis.

The level of the metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOM) was studied on automedia before and after neoadjuvant systemic polyche- motherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Specific therapy was not found to result in normalization of 6-SOM levels, which may be regarded as a poor endogenous factor.

The paper describes a new class of molecular targeted antitumor agents against the molecules involved in carcinogenesis. It considers the basic drugs of this class and their combinations and evaluates the efficiency of their use in therapy for breast cancer.

Objective: to define a role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the follow-up of patients with cancer of the cervix uteri (CCU), who have undergone radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy and to describe the types of the MRI pattern of recurrent CCU in the pelvic region.
Materials and methods. The results of a follow-up of 82 patients with a 4-47- (median 12 months) month history of invasive CCU were analyzed.
Results. Out of the 82 patients with invasive CCU, 25 were found to have pelvic recurrences; in 23 cases MRI revealed the latter (in the cervix uteri (n = 6), corpus uteri (n = 2), vagina (n = 2), parametrium (n = 2), iliac (n = 10), paraaortic (n = 5) lymph nodes, and pelvic wall (n=5).
Conclusion. The findings suggest that pelvic MRI is an effective technique to detect and estimate the extent of a pelvic recurrence and it is expedient to incorporate it into the scope of a follow-up after radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy in patients with invasive CCU.

Proteomics has recently found wide application to account for the molecular mechanisms of cancer and to search for biomarkers that may be used to diagnose and/or predict the development of the disease. The paper briefly reviews proteomic studies to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers, by taking into account different types of biological samples.

Sera from 60 apparently healthy women (mean age 40 years; a control group), 40 patients with a verified diagnosis of adenomyosis (mean age 41 years) and 42 patients with uterine corpus cancer (UCC) (mean age 58 years) were fractionated on magnetic beads with weak cation exchange surface, followed by an examination of the obtained fractions by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MS) with ma- trix-activated laser desorption/ionization. MS data analysis using classification algorithms, such as a genetic algorithm and a learning neural network, made it possible to construct mathematical models that were able to differentiate MS profiles of the above sample groups with a high specificity and a high sensitivity. The best values of the specificity and sensitivity of the classification models adenomyosis- control and UCC-control were 86.2, 93.8, 90.5, and 90.5%, respectively. Analysis of the statistical diagrams of these peak areas between different sample groups could identify 3 MS profile peaks for adenomyosis and 3 peaks for UCC.

Analysis of the results of examining and treating 246 patients with Stages IIA-IIIB cancer of the cervix uteri (CCU), receiving specific chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at the Department of Radiotherapy, National Oncology Center (Baku), has ascertained that CRT using two high-dose (9 Gy) rate brachytherapy fractions and competitive cisplatin chemotherapy is an effective, reasonably safe, and economically sound treatment method for locally advanced CCU. The method shows acceptable toxicity and may be used in routine clinical practice.

The results of treatment were studied in 95 patients with local recurrences of uterine sarcomas, who had been treated at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 1972 to 2010. Two patient groups were comparatively analyzed after surgical and conservative (chemo- and radiotherapy) treatments. Overall survival was found to be significantly higher in the group of patients who had undergone surgical treatment.

The immediate and late results of surgical treatment were assessed in patients with early corpus uteri cancer (CUC), by applying endo- scopic procedures. The paper gives comparative data on 2 comparable groups of patients with Т1-2N0М0 CUC, who have undergone laparoscopic (n=47) or open-access (n=50) surgery. The comparative analysis has demonstrated the advantages of an endoscopic technique over a laparotomic access in its immediate results, the duration of surgical intervention, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the pattern and incidence of complications, the reduction in the length of hospital stay, and its cosmetic effect. The patients were found to have better quality of life after laparoscopic extirpation of the uterus. Overall and relapse-free survival rates were comparable in the two groups and did not depend on the technique of surgical intervention.

The problem of ovarian cancer (OC) is considered. The efficiency of multimodality treatment with and without promisan incorporated into its regimen was evaluated in 2 groups of patients with disseminated OC. The efficacy and tolerance of promisan used in patients with disseminated OC are analyzed.
А.В. Жаров, Г.Р. Кравченко, Л.Ф. Чернова, Т.Н. Губайдуллина
Челябинский окружной клинический онкологический диспансер Контакты: Александр Владимирович Жаров roc_chel@mail.ru

The purpose of this study was to estimate the value of and to reveal the specific features of clinical and morphological parameters in pa- tients with vulvar melanoma. The study was based on the data obtained from the analysis of 40 vulvar melanoma patients treated at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Institute in the period January 1980 to December 2010.