No 1 (2014)

The paper gives the current clinical guidelines for all treatments for primary breast cancer, which were developed by the expert groups of the Society of Cancer Chemotherapists (RUSSCO) and presented at the International Conference on Breast Cancer on 22–24 January 2014. The present guidelines are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and may serve as a practical guide for oncologists.

In breast cancer, bone metastases are detectable in more than 60 % of patients. Bone metastasis-related complications (BMRCs), such as chronic pain, immobilization, and pelvic dysfunctions due to spinal cord compression, considerably worsen quality of life in patients. Intra- venous formulations of bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, pamidronate, ibondronate, and clodronate) could reduce the risk of BMRCs by 16-40 % and increase time to the first skeletal complication up to 12–13 months. However, despite the explicit clinical efficacy of bisphospho- nates, the latter can seemingly prevent only some BMRCs. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, suppresses the forma- tion and functional activity of osteoclasts, thus inhibiting bone resorption.
The results of a registration study have indicated that denosumab is not only as effective as zoledronic acid, but also can reduce the risk of BMRCs and significantly delay time to the first and further skeletal complications, including the need for radiotherapy, the development of hypercalcemia and pathological fractures. Denosumab is an effective, well-tolerated drug that can increase a chance of preventing BMRCs in breast cancer.

The differential diagnosis of simple endometrial hyperplasia (SEH), complex endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), atypical endometrial hyper- plasia (AEH), and endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with a number of difficulties, frequently giving rise to different interpretations of the same histology specimens.
Objective: to assess the possibilities of computed morphometry in endometrial hyperplasia.
Subjects and methods. The investigation included 35 patients, including 12 with SEH, 11 with CEH, 7 with AEH, and 5 with EC. Endome- trial computed morphometry was performed using the ImageScope Color.
Conclusion. The morphometric changes in endometrial hyperplasia, which are expressed in quantitative indicators, are much more diverse than their schematic image in the current classification, which may be a reason for a difference between the diagnoses.

The development of genetics in the study of predisposition to malignancies, to ovarian and breast cancers in particular, as well as the experi- ence of prophylactic surgery to reduce the risks of these diseases have permitted prophylactic bilateral tube ovariectomy to be used as a main technique in BRCA1 and BRCА2 gene mutation carriers. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate key studies in this area.