The paper reviews the data available in the literature on the identification of tumor cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in different tumors and breast cancer. Analysis of the majority of investigations suggest that the presence of tumor cells in the bone marrow correlates with early disease recurrences and lower survival; to detect bone marrow tumor cells is one of the most important approaches to early identifying metastases and improving the results of treatment for breast cancer. The paper gives the results of an investigation conducted at the N.N. Aleksandrov Republican Research and Practical Center for Oncology and Medical Radiology in 2008 to 2014, which established that the presence of cancer cells in the bone marrow is a poor prognostic sign: the 3-year relapse-free survival of patients with the unaffected and affected bone marrow was 88.7 and 69.3 %, respectively (p < 0.01).

Breast cancer is now the most common cancer that threatens the health of women in China. The annual number of new cases of breast cancer and the number of deaths in China is 12.2 and 9.6 % respectively of the total amount in the world. Following the scientific and technological progress in the development direction of surgery for breast cancer has been the development in the field of endoscopic surgery, this treatment method with little section provides a good therapeutic result. Along with the aesthetic appearance of cure is achieved at the site of surgery and minimizing the trauma. In China use system “Mammotome” and dustoscopic for preoperative biopsy; and through mastoscopic do breast-conserving surgery, operations mastectomy in breast cancer and reconstruction, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and axillary lymph node dissection; ablation. In China now fully implemented the treatment of breast cancer minimally invasive techniques which is the general trend of the development of surgery in the country.

The paper presents a method for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors in accordance with radiothermometric findings, which is based on the authors’ developed diagnostic technique (Patent No. 2532372 dated 5 September 2014). The radiometric method was used to examine 119 patients with malignant breast tumors, 53 patients with benign breast tumors, and 60 women without breast involvement. The data were obtained in 3 institutions: the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, and Moscow Oncology Dispensary Five. A microwave radiothermometer was used to measure core and skin temperatures in 9 symmetrical points of each breast. Using the findings as a basis, the authors proposed quantitative criteria that ensured that breast tumors should be differentially diagnosed with high specificity.

The results of examinations were studied in 76 reproductive-aged patients with benign breast nodules (BBNs). The determination of the leukocyte common antigen CD45 in the trephine biopsy specimens, as well as proteinase activity in the solid tumor homogenates and in the cyst puncture samples in the preoperative stage or the postpuncture period can identify groups of patients with BBNs in relation to a tissue inflammatory response. BBNs with a tissue inflammatory response showed increases in the level of nonspecific proteinases and in the expression of the leukocyte common antigen CD45, which was accompanied enhanced proliferative activity (Ki-67) and elevated levels of apoptosis proteins (p53 and Bcl-2), and estrogen and prolactin receptors.

Pathogenesis of serous discharge from the nipples of the breast is complex and includes the following components: hormonal imbalance as a backdrop, stimulating increased secretion in the ducts of serous content, resorption of the liquid component of a secret, resulting in local pathological effects of protein resorption, hormone content, autoimmune reactions ductless with subsequent development of proliferative processes in them. Under adverse conditions, infection occurs from an external or internal source of microorganisms. The presence of fluid in the ducts, mammary system ductal communication with the external environment, is an “open gate” for content ductal infection of the mammary glands. This creates the prerequisites for the development of proliferative processes in the first phase of the inflammatory origin. Application of 194 women with serous secretions from the nipples of the breast combined combinations of enzymes, glucocorticoids, progestogens, gonadoliberins and other agonists, suppress the proliferation of drugs that helped to put an end to abnormal secretion and prevent changes in the walls of the ducts and periductal breast tissue at different stages of disease.

Brain metastases are detectable in 25–35 % of patients with progressive HER-2-positve breast cancer. Even after spreading metastases into the brain, chemotherapy in combination with anti-HER- 2 therapy improves survival due to better control of the systemic disease. The paper presents the results of investigations substantiating the use of anti-HER-2 targeting agents, as well as the innovative agent T-DM1 to treat brain metastases.

This study evaluated the ability to perform organ-operation in breast cancer stage III. Highlight 2 similar groups of patients, depending on the extent of the procedure: in the 1st (main) were performed breast conserving surgery (BCS), in the 2nd (control) radical mastectomy (RM) with preservation of the pectoral muscles. It was analyzed overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS); the frequency of postoperative complications and aesthetic results of the treatment. The 3-, 5- and 10-year OS group did not differ significantly and amounted to 80.0 ± 8.0, 87.0 ± 4.6 %; 70.2 ± 9.7, 67.8 ± 6.7 %; 61.4 ± 11.8, 62.2 ± 7.2 %, respectively (p > 0.05). The 3-, 5- and 10-year DFS group did not differ significantly and amounted to 68.1 ± 9.2, 80.7 ± 5.5 %; 58.9 ± 10.9, 67.2 ± 6.6 %; 58.9 ± 10.9, 60.3 ± 7.2 %), respectively (p > 0.05). The frequency of postoperative complications was in the group of BCS 7.7 %, in the group of RM – 6.9 % (p > 0.05). The aesthetic results of the treatment: satisfactory when BCS, unsatisfactory at RM.

To investigate the psychoemotional status of patients with breast cancer after different antitumor treatments, the authors used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Psychopathological Symptom Inventory to examine 172 patients in different follow-up periods. The investigation showed that after 5–7 days, anxiety levels were elevated in all patients after radical mastectomy (RME), in all patients after radical resection (RR) and in 53 % after primary reconstructive surgery (RS). In the same periods, the signs of depression were absent in 20.7 % and a depressive state was detected in 79.3 % of the patients in all the groups. One year later, the mean anxiety values that had been at the critical level declined in the patients after RME and after RS, but increased in those after RR. The signs of depression were absent in 32.7 % of the patients; in all the groups subclinical and clinical depression was found in 44 and 23.3 %, respectively. The degree of psychological distress depended on surgical treatment volume, RR and RS failing to protect the patients from its progression. Three-four years after treatment, the total distress index was twice higher in patients after combined treatment than in those after multimodality one. Psychological testing can reveal distress signs that may negatively affect patients» compliance.

Systemic drug therapy remains first-line treatment for primarily disseminated breast cancer (BC). The problem in the use of local methods to treat BC patients with distant metastases has not been fully solved. The most of investigations presented in the modern literature suggest that patients show significantly better survivals after adjuvant systemic therapy with local exposure of a primary tumor, the main goal of which is its local monitoring. At the same time, the choice of optimal treatments and their sequence and combination remain to be explored. The paper describes a case of successful organ-sparing chemoradiation therapy for primarily disseminated BC with metachronous bilateral involvement.

The paper highlights main areas in the development of European oncology care to patients with malignant ovarian neoplasms. It discusses the major issues considered at the 5th Annual Meeting of Oncologists on Arrangement of Anticancer Therapy into the Era of Personalized Therapy hosted by the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

This article presents data on the role of tumor associated T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in the prognostic value of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, there was determining of its role in the early (up to 3 years) progression of the disease.

In this pilot trial we analyzed the correlation between neoangiogenesis and psychological status in ovarian cancer patients. We found the correlation between depression levels and serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in ovarian cancer patients – coefficient of rank correlation (ρ) was 0.42 (95 % confidence interval 0.01–0.72; р < 0,05), that suggests the relationship between this parameters.

Background. Today there are 3 trends in favor of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy: maintenance of its potential 5- and 10-year survival benefit in patients with ovarian cancer (OC); advantages of the IP administration of drugs even after nonoptimal surgery; enhancement of the efficiency of chemotherapy irrespective of the number of IP treatment cycles. There is also an expanded list of possible IP medicines and incorporation of novel targeted drugs into treatment regimens. However, the long-expected data of the most recent randomized trial GOG 0252 have proven deplorable and led to the activation of discussions on the role of IP therapy.

Objective: to generalize the experience of 4 oncology departments with IP therapy in patients with disseminated OC and to compare the findings with those obtained by the world’s leading medical centers.

Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis included 76 patients with Stage IIIC OC who had received IP chemotherapy in accordance with 3 regimens. For standardization of IP treatment procedures, the investigators assessed the following indicators: age; tumor morphological type; surgical radicality; catheter model and port placement procedure; drug administration route; number of treatment cycles; efficiency of therapy from expert ultrasonographic findings and CA-124, HE4, CA-19.9 marker levels, time to disease progression. The analysis also involved adverse manifestations, methods of their correction and the reasons for early treatment discontinuation were separately reported. The obtained data were processed using standard statistical programs.

Results. 55 of the 76 patients could complete more than 4 IP therapy cycles. Among them, only 4 patients were observed to have disease progression at follow-ups lasting over 24 months.

Conclusion. Current IP therapy is a safe and convenient drug treatment in patients with OC after optimal cytoreductive surgery. The mastery and standardization of the procedures for surgery and placement of current IP Celsite® Peritoneal and Celsite® Drainaport devices make it possible to minimize adverse manifestations and to perform all planned therapy cycles in necessary mode, by giving 50 % of the optimally operated patients with OC (Stage IIIC) the chance to have a long-term progression-free survival that is over 2 years, as shown by our observations.

By arming gynecologic oncology with current chemotherapy regimens and aggressive cancer surgery elements, we can have larger numbers of cured patients with locally advanced cancer of the cervix uteri, by improving the early and late results of treatment.

True placenta accreta is the attachment of chorionic villi to the myometrium, possibly penetrating into the thickness of the myometrium and its outside, including through the serous tunic. The main current diagnostic techniques are considered to be ultrasonography, laboratory diagnosis (elevated human chorionic gonadotropin and placental lactogen levels), and clinical data (pain and vaginal discharge). Magnetic resonance imaging is deemed to be an adjuvant technique. By using a clinical example, this paper considers the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose this abnormality and to choose a right treatment policy. The abnormality is compared with the conditions (trophoblastic tumor and myoma with lysis) that are similar in their diagnosis and magnetic resonance pattern). The disorder in question is rather rare and its detailed consideration, determination of the capabilities of various techniques, and comparison with externally similar cases are
important for the development of diagnostic opportunities.