The paper considers the problems of hormonal therapy for diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy concurrent with different hormonal homeostatic impairments and gynecological diseases.

Increasing survival of oncology patients depends on early diagnostics, developing the new technologies of the treatment and the new drugs. It allows finding out more and more patients with bone metastases. So the answers to the questions about bisphosphonate`s duration, complication of the treatment and improvement of quality of life are very necessary and important. We`ve analyzed long-term (1 year ) introduction of zoledronic acid 4 mg monthly in patients with breast cancer and bone metastasis. The data suggests that long-term treatment of zoledronic acid allows improving quality of life of this kind of patients.

Mass spectrometric mapping of proteomic lysate of a MCF-7 cancer cell line was carried out, which identified 153 proteins having molecular weights of 5000 to 630000 Da, a high proportion of which was cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. The latter accounted for 60 % of their total number whereas the proportion of extracellular and membrane proteins constituted 13 %. After using some selection criteria to analyze the findings, the authors present a list of 31 potential biomarkers and describe 12 promising breast anticancer therapeutic targets.

The paper describes a case of giant phyllodes tumor of the breast. Phyllodes tumor is a rare type of fibroepithelial tumor composed of epithelial and connective tissue with the predominant development of a connective tissue component. Surgery is the only radical treatment.

The described clinical case illustrates the importance of careful medical care and follow-up for oncology patients which can prevent high degree of tumor dissemination in case of the disease progression and improve survival rate and quality of life.

The treatment of patients with primarily disseminated breast cancer (PDBC) is based on chemo- and radiotherapy. Removal of primary tumor is not usually recommended. The goal of surgery is to prevent local complications. However, in recent years, there have been reports of a number of trials suggesting that surgical treatment is warranted. The paper presents the biological aspects of metastasis and the results of removing a primary tumor in PDBC patients with ECOG 0-1.

The paper considers the efficiency of reconstructive plastic operations in treating patients with breast cancer. It describes the types of the similar operations, such as the application of silicone implants, a latissimus dorsi flap in its combination with the implants, free flaps using microsurgical techniques, tissue expanders, a TRAM flap and its various modifications, and other rarely used implants. The advantages and disadvantages of different reconstructive techniques are described.
В.П. Летягин, Т.А. Григорьева
ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН», Москва Контакты: Виктор Павлович Летягин levipa@mail.ru

The influence of the age and intercurrent diseases on the formation of mammal gland pathology was analyzed in this research on the example of 156 males of different age groups. Three groups of pathologies were identified (true and false gynecomastia, also cancer). The prevalence of true gynecomastia is shown, the tendency to polyetiological factors mainly affecting the urogenital system is marked.

The comparison analysis of the sonoelastomeric images with tissue density has revealed the basic laws – the greatest density of the tissues was defined in the loci painted in red color, and was in a range from 52.87 to 300 kPa. Sonoelastometric signs of malignant process presence in the ovaries have been determent at volume of the tumor not less than 15 cm3.

In the review are provided data of the world literature on clinical and morphological features of neuroendocrine tumors of the female sexual sphere. Questions of pathogenesis and stages of development of new growths in embryogenesis considered. Historical references are given. Besides, in article questions of diagnostics and treatment of these tumors are taken up.

The most important prognostic factors for clear cell carcinoma (CCC) are clinical and morphological signs and clinical stage of the disease. Analyses of 5-year survival in patients with I stage of CCC is 69 %, in II stage – 55 %, in III stage – 14 % and in IV stage – 4 % patients. We analyzed distant results of treatment of 71 patients with CCC and of 25 patients with mixed malignant ovaries neoplasm with obligatory clear cell component taking into consideration main clinical and morphological sings of disease. On the base of performed reseal we revealed that morphological structure of the tumors and stage of the disease exerted heist influence on the exponent of survival of the patients with clear CCC ovaries neoplasm. Besides, there is a correlation between exponent of patients’ survival and radicalized of surgery, character of tumor growth, differentiation degree, cell anaplasia and mitotic activity of tumor cells.

Transitional cell tumors of the ovary are rare, unusual neoplasms. There is currently no unified tactic for managing patients with this pathology. The paper presents a review of literature on clinical and morphological characteristics, diagnosis, and specific features of the treatment of patients with transitional cell tumors of the ovary.

The study enrolled 70 reproductive-aged patients with infertility, who had underwent myomectomy for submucous uterine myoma. An immuno- histochemical study showed differences in estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions, proliferative activity determined by Ki-67, and vascular bed areas in both intact endo- and myometrial tissues and submucous uterine myoma ones associated with endometrial hyperplasia. Postoperative hormonal therapy in terms of immunohistochemical evidence was ascertained to reduce the incidence of recurrences and to maintain the reproductive health of a woman.

The literature review is dedicated to new data in epidemiology and pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. The authors analyze newly obtained data on dietary habits, BMI, sexual behavior, contraception model, the number of labors as possible risk or influencing factors for ovarian cancer. The possible role of dietary habits and reproductive behavior from neolith to modern time is discussed. Controversies concerning possible role of alcohol intake and tobacco smoking are scrutinized. Newly obtained data on the fallopian tube as a primary site of most pelvic high-grade serous carcinomas are discussed.

Тhe article presents terms of dispensary, depending on the groups of patients (groups Ia, Ib; II, IIa; III) at all the times cancer patients sub- ject to dispensary observation, restorative and periodic treatment. This article also presents a classification used in dispensary observation.

We studied main matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors in tumors and blood serum of ovarian cancer, benign and borderline tumor patients. We revealed a coordinate increase of MMP-7 tumor expression and serum concentration in ovarian cancer that indicates it’s role as potential serological marker for ovarian cancer.