Reasonable tactics of management of the patients with breast disease depends of the quality of diagnostics methods. Modern requirements to the methods of diagnosis – a precision, high information value, accessibility. In the article BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) is being discussed. This system is a good tool to determine the proper algorithm of breast disease patients’ management.

In 11.5 % of breast cancer patients distant metastases are detected at diagnosis. The results of treatment of 608 patients of 5 Russian oncological centers are presented. Removal of the primary tumor in case of newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer increases the mean duration of life from 23 up to 35 months (p < 0.01). Three-year overall survival increases from 47 to 65 % and 5-year survival – from 21 to 45 % (p = 0.001). The most impressive effect of surgical treatment is observed in patients with bone metastases, 1–2 metastatic lesions in one anatomical region, with positive effect after systemic treatment, high expression estrogen/progesterone receptors, possibility of attaining free surgical margins.

The article presents the data on capability of sonoelastography for the evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy effectiveness in breast cancer. Qualitative and quantitative changes of the strain ratio correlate with the degree of pathological regression.

This literature review is devoted to luminal B breast cancer (BC). This phenotype accounts for 14–18 % of all BC cases and shows a significantly worse prognosis and higher risk of progression comparing to luminal A subtype. The article describes immunological and molecular genetic characteristics of luminal B breast cancer.

Paget’s disease (PD) of the nipple is a rare form of breast cancer, characterized by erythema, an scaling of the skin and eczematous changes of the nipple-areolar complex. Despite a significant increase in newly detected cases of breast cancer, PD is accounting for 0.5–5.0 % of all breast tumors in the world. In female patients with PD ages range from 24 to 90 years (average age range 50–60 years), predominantly menopausal age in 70 % of cases. But cases of PD in young person were reported.

Currently, the relevance of the PD of the nipple is preserved. There are different methods of treatment, but we haven’t specific international recommendations for treatment PD in surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy or target therapy. There are small numbers of randomized studies of PD. The use of modern methods of instrumental and molecular diagnostics can help designed algorithm the treatment of PD.

In this literature review the etiology, clinical features and current approaches to diagnosis and possible treatment of PD of the nipple.

This article reviews recent advance in our understanding of ovarian endometriomas, with special reference of atypical epithelial features (atypical endometriosis) and its relationship to neoplasm. Mainly, two epithelial ovarian carcinoma subtypes, the ovarian clear cell carcinomas and the endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, have been molecularly and epidemiologically linked to endometriosis. The clear cell and endometrioid adenocarcinomas have common immunohistochemical markers, genetic changes are the same as atypical endometriosis. The occurrence of ARID1A mutations and alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas, as well as the possible functional and clinical implications are discussed in this review. Therefore, development of a screening method that can detect mutations of ARID1A and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway might enable early diagnosis of endometriosis associated ovarian cancers and endometrial cancers.

The high morbidity, often latent, asymptomatic disease development is not optimal therapy in the first line, causes the development of the frequent recurrence of tumors, requiring second and thirds lines of chemotherapy. The use of topotecan in standard mode is limited by myelosuppression, therefore the new regimes are studied. To reduce the hematologic toxicity is recommended weekly injection of 4 mg/m2 in 1, 8, 15 days of a 28-day cycle of therapy, as its effectiveness is comparable to the effectiveness of the standard 5-day regime. We determined the toxicity and efficacy of combined weekly topotecan and bevacizumab in patients with secondary platinumresistant ovarian, peritoneal, fallopian tube, endometrium and cervix cancer. Patients were treated topotecan 3,5–4 mg/m2 and bevacizumab 7 mg/kg on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle until progressive disease or excessive toxicity. The primary end point was efficacy and toxicity.

Combination on weekly topotecan and bevacizumab showed acceptable toxicity and encouraging efficacy in patients with platinum-resistant tumors.

We analyzed the data of 53 patients with metastatic gastric cancer in ovaries treated in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 2009–2014. These patients are the main group. The control group consisted of 55 patients stage III–IV locally advanced gastric cancer without metastases in the ovaries treated with surgical and combined treatment in the period from 2009 to 2014. The main group and control group were matched by major demographic and clinical characteristics. It was found that gastric cancer patients stage III–IV are prognostically unfavorable group. More than half of patients (51 %) with disseminated cancer of the stomach simultaneously diagnosed metastatic ovarian failure. When studying the remote indicators, it is evident that the presence of metastases in the ovaries is significant unfavorable prognostic factor of 2 years overall survival of postmenopausal patients over 50 years old who received only surgical treatment. However, carrying out combined treatment of patients with metastases to the ovary, without significant impairment in the first year of observation, significantly increases the 3–5-year survival (68 %).

We analyzed the results of ultrasonic and postoperative histological examination of 300 patients with a primary diagnosis of uterine cancer who were treated at the cancer research center during the period from January to December 2014. After comprehensive examination all patients were performed surgical treatment in the various volumes. Histological examination of postoperative material of the uterus abnormal formation in the ovaries were detected in 42 (14 %). The most characteristic ultrasound signs of ovarian tumors both malignant and benign.