Additional covering of the lower pole with allomaterial or its synthetic analogues during immediate breast reconstruction is being performed at the N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, for last 7 years. Initially, epidermal flap was the only option for lower pole coverage; later acellular dermal matrix was used as part of clinical approbation. Average complication rate ranges from 20–35 % due to blood circulatory (supply) disorders.

Since 2018, a titanised mesh been used as an additional coverage of the lower pole in the department of breast tumors. Through coating characteristics and its structure the frequency of fatal complications significally decreased.

Objective: to analyze the 3-year experience of vacuum-assisted aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance in patients with focal mammary neoplasms in categories BIRADS 2–5.

Materials and methods. The totals of 121 interventions were performed in 121 patients. In 9 (7.4 %) cases there were more than 1 node in the mammary gland.

Results. In 97.7 % cases the removed formations were benign. The breast cancer was detected in 5 (2.3 %) cases; there were cases of malignant tumors in each category according to the BIRADS scale. The complications were registered in 15 (12.3 %) cases and did not require surgical treatment. In 77 (63.3 %) cases the results of ultrasound monitoring were obtained in 6 months after the removal of formations, residual tissue was detected in 6 (4.9 %) patients.

Conclusions. The vacuum-assisted aspiration biopsy, thus, has a high diagnostic accuracy; the number of completely removed benign formations allows us to consider the method as an alternative to sectoral resection. It is worth saying that a high percentage of complications is associated with the stage of mastering the method; all complications were resolved conservatively.

Background. Treatment results for the patients with stage II–III triple negative breast cancer (TN BC) have to be improved. Not only the new treatment regimens, but new predictive and prognostic factors should to be developed.

Materials and methods. We included 98 patients with stage II–III TN BC in our study. We studied efficacy and safety of PlaTax regimen (cisplatin 75 mg / m² day 1 + paclitaxel 80 mg / m² days 1, 8, 15, course every 4 weeks) in this cohort of patients. We assessed pathologic response, survival and factors, which were relevant for predicting response and prognose survival.

Results. PlaTax regimen is characterized by high efficacy and tolerable toxicity. Clinical efficacy was 85.8 %, pCR achievement was 60.5 %, tpCR achievement was 58.1 %. The regimen has low haematological toxicity (neutropenia III–IV grades – 4.1 %); the most frequent adverse events were polyneuropathy (18.5 %) and decreased renal function (24.5 %). 3-year progression-free survival was 68.4 %, most of the relapses (92 %) occurred during first 2 years. 3 year overall survival was 77.6 %. The most relevant predictive factor was level of Ki-67 ≥50 % (pCR 38.5 % vs. 68.7 %, p = 0.038). pCR achievement was the most important prognostic factor, resulting in improved 3-year progressionfree survival (44.3 % vs. 89.1 %, p <0.0001), and 3-year overall survival (61.5 % vs. 91.6 %, p = 0.001). Not only the residual disease, but also the size of residual tumor was important from prognostic point of view. Other important prognostic factors were size of the tumor, status of regional lymph nodes, grade. Delay in surgical treatment more than a month lead to decreased 3-year progression-free survival: 87.1 % vs. 62.5 % (p = 0.047).

Conclusions. Our data suggest that studied regimen could be an option for patients with stage II–III TN BC. The assessment of the predictive and prognostic factors will help improve the treatment results for patients with stage II–III TN BC.

Breast angiosarcoma (BAS) is an extremely rare and poorly studied neoplasm, the etiology of primary BAS remains controversial, and secondary BAS is most often radio-induced. Radio-induced breast tumors usually appear 10–20 years after the initial treatment; however, for BAS this period is much shorter and is about 4–7 years. This review presents literature data on the features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of BAS, as well as own clinical case observation of radio-induced sarcoma of the left breast, that developed 4 years after the primary breast cancer treatment.

Endometriosis is a common pathological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus, most frequently in the pelvis. Despite the ability to demonstrate infiltrative growth and tendency to local recurrence and invasion, endometriosis is considered as a benign proliferative disease. An increasing incidence of extragenital endometriosis (including that in young patients) and difficulties associated with its visualization during ultrasonography lead to a delayed diagnosis, resulting in an increase in the number of cases of advanced endometriosis, which requires long-term treatment. The improvement of a screening ultrasound tomography technique and development of specific ultrasound criteria for preventive examination will ensure rapid identification of patients requiring treatment. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 57 cases of extragenital endometriosis detected during preventive examinations of women between 2014 and 2019. Each case was analyzed with the consideration of ultrasound characteristics together with clinical and gynecological data. We evaluated location, size, contours, and structure of foci. We propose a method of extended ultrasound examination in women with suspected extragenital endometriosis.

Objective: to analyze the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD) in 2008–2018.

Materials and methods. To assess the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer among women residing in FEFD, we used annual reports of P. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, for 2008–2018. We evaluated extensive and standardized parameters (per 100,000 population; 0/0000) calculated using the direct method (world standard). The prognosis was based on the 11-year dynamics of the incidence and mortality; regression coefficients were calculated using the standard method. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 8.0 and Microsoft Excel 2003 software with a significance level of p £0.05. We evaluated the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer among women of FEFD registered between 2008 and 2018: during a 5-year period (2008–2012) and a 6-year period (2013–2018) for the whole region, as well as for individual administrative territories.

Results. We found that the incidence of cervical cancer in FEFD was higher than its national incidence (14.3 ± 0.1⁰/₀₀₀₀) and was steadily increasing in all administrative centers of FEFD. The highest incidence was observed in Zabaikalsky Krai (32.6 ± 1.9⁰/₀₀₀₀, which is 2.3 times higher than national incidence). The quickest growth of cervical cancer incidence was registered in the Republic of Buryatia (69.6 %; growth rate 6.5 % (p £0.05)). This territory was also characterized by the highest mortality (11.4 ± 0.5⁰/₀₀₀₀, which is 2.2 times higher than national mortality (5.3 ± 0.2⁰/₀₀₀₀) (p <0.01)).

Conclusions. The analysis of the cervical cancer incidence and mortality in FEFD demonstrated their steady increase, which makes the issues of disease prevention and early diagnosis highly relevant and indicates a clear need to activate vaccination and screening programs.

Ovarian serous borderline tumors are usually found in women of reproductive age and perimenopausal women. Therefore, the issue of preserving the reproductive and hormonal functions is highly relevant. We analyzed specific ultrasonic characteristics of ovarian serous borderline tumors by comparing preoperative ultrasound and postoperative morphological findings in 98 patients. Ultrasonography is an effective method of patient monitoring after conservative and ultraconservative surgeries for ovarian serous borderline tumors.

This article discusses the controversial issues of cytological screening for cervical cancer, including the use of liquid-based cytology and automated screening systems, high-risk human papillomavirus testing, and organizational issues of screening and staff training.

Immunotherapy, also known as therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has shown good results in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Patients with diseases that were considered incurable earlier now have an opportunity for long-term disease stabilization and high frequency of clinical remissions. This review focuses on clinical benefits and toxicity profiles of immune checkpoint inhibitors used for cervical cancer, as well as on the ways to improve prognosis and indications for immunotherapy. Correct choice of biomarkers for predicting the response to immunotherapy will ensure more precise selection of patients. This review of immunotherapy methods aims to help clinicians with the indications for this relatively new treatment which has revolutionized treatment standards. Immunotherapy has many forms, including oncolytic virus therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR), cancer vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, first generation of which includes monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cemiplimab), against PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab), and against CTLA-4 protein (ipilimumab).