No 3-4 (2009)

Breast cancer (BC) that is the most common malignancy in women presents an indubitable threat to their life and health. The basis for this investigation was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 203 women with histologically verified malignan- cies. The patients' mean age was 53±10.2 years. The paper describes the magnetic resonance semiotics of BC; the authors have developed criteria for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography used in the differential diagnosis of nodules.
Due to high soft-tissue contrast, the use of thin sections, and the possibility of examining in any projection, MRI allows one not only to accurately visualize a pathological mass as compared with X-ray mammography or ultrasound study, but also to characterize its vascularization, which is a major criteria for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast nodules.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DRUG TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY OPERABLE AND LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER

The diagnostic value of the serum levels of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of the immune system was studied in 54 patients with breast cancer (BC). Analysis identified the increased concen- trations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, in the peripheral sera of BC patients.
Analysis of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral sera of patients with BC also revealed a significant increase in the values of IL-4 and IL-10. The findings suggest that there is imbalance between cellular and humoral immunity factors, the study of which will be an important diagnostic criterion for BC.

The investigation enrolled 31 patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) treated at the N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center from 2006 to 2008. IBC is diagnosed on the basis of signs of rapid progression, such as localized or generalized breast induration, red- ness and edema. IBC accounts for less than 5% of all diagnosed breast cancers and is the most lethal form of primary breast cancer. We studied tumor markers of the immunophenotype of IBC and levels and subpopulations of immunocompetent tumor-infiltrating cells. We found that expression of HLA-DR is in negative correlation with MUC-1 expression and lymphoid cells tumor infiltration is asso- ciated with the increase in T-cell subpopulations.

Cervical cancer (CC) morbidity is analyzed on the basis of the data of the Karelian cancer register over the period 1998-2007. During this period, 816 cases of CC were registered and 126 were found at an antenatal clinic (AC). Its early detection rate was ascertained to be 96% during screening at the AC. A comprehensive examination was made in 1742 women with various cervical diseases, of them 37.5% were infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). High-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were diagnosed in 6.6% of the HPV-infected patients. Large-scale screening for HPV infection and pretumor disorders with their further treatment will aid in reduc- ing CC morbidity and mortality rates.

The paper presents the results of treatment for locally advanced cervix uteri cancer, by applying a 192Ir radioactive source for contact radiation. Three- and five-year overall and relapse-free survival rates have been obtained for stages: 82.5 and 82.5%; 78.4 and 78.4% for Stage IIb; 57 and 52.3%; 41.6 and 41.6 for IIIb; 53.3 and 47.3%; 42.4 and 37.7% for IVb, respectively.

Multmodal programs are the perspective trend in different malignant tumors treatment but increasing risk of combined complications may influence negatively on the results. Ozone therapy and low-intense laser therapy are perspective methods for complication treatment and prevention as they show their own antibacterial, analgesia and detoxing activity in experiment.
To form the algorhythm and to evaluate the results of intravenous and local ozone applications plus low-intense laser (LILT) therapeutic complex used in treatment and prevention of malignant tumors multimodal treatment complications.

Intratumoral T-lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 27 patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, by using immunohisto- chemical techniques (n = 27) and three-color flow cytometry (n = 11).
The subpopulations of intratumoral lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor parenchyma and stroma differed. The intraepithelial cells were mainly CD8+ T cells (30.7%) and CD56+ lymphocytes (25%), which were indicative of the predominance of NK cells. Stromal infil- tration was primarily presented by mature CD3+ T lymphocytes (33%). This was supported by flow cytometric studies; CD3+ constitut- ed 62—92.6% among the CD45+ intratumoral leukocytes. The CD3+CD8+/CD3+CD4+ ratio was > 2 only in 3 cases. CD25+ cells made up the bulk among the CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes - 30—60% in 6 patients

Gynecological malignancies (cervix and corpus uteri cancer, ovarian tumors) are characterized by high comorbidity rates (35—55%) with mental disorders of mainly depression and anxiety sphere, as well as disorders considered within adjustment disorders.