No 3-4 (2012)

Study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations was performed in 19 patients with breast cancer (core biopsy material). Two probes were used in multiparameter flow cytometry: CD4/CD25/CD3/CD45 and CD8/CD56/CD3/CD45. Mean percentage of different cell types within lymphocytes (CD45++ SSCLow) was as follows: CD3 – 88.2%, CD4 – 45.1%, CD8 – 40.4%, NK (CD3–CD56+) – 1.6%, CD4+CD25+ – 4.1 %. Ratio CD8/CD4 was less than 1 in 53 % of cases. In cases of prominent and moderate CD45 infiltration percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher than in cases with low infiltration, p = 0.007.

Present article evaluate the influence of leading risk factors established for breast cancer (BC) on the mammography screening efficiency. 26 912 women underwent mammography screening in 2001−2010.
The direct impact of BC risk factor number on the disease stage was revealed. Diagnostic effectiveness of screening mammography decreased in patient groups with high mammographic density. The importance of control of patient groups with BC risk factors and reasonability of mam- mographic density evaluation is described.
The occurrence of BRCA1/2 mutations was revealed in patients with BC identified by mammography screening. The relationship between the presence of advanced and metastatic BC and the BRCA1/2 mutations was determined.

XVI Russian Cancer Congress (review of materials)

The specific features of the expression of tumor-associated proteins (TAP) were immunologically studied in the sera of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and other tumor location by means of immune sera (As) or monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to find out whether they could be used to diagnose and estimate the extent of a tumorous process.
MAb 1 (to HEp-2 cell membrane proteins, larynx cancer), Ac4 (to a pool of two ovarian cystadenocarcinomas), and MAb 3 (to affinity-pu- rified proteins of the apparently intact human gastric mucosa) were used to examine the sera of patients with OC and other tumor location and positive responsiveness was detected in 82, ~100, and 77 % of cases, respectively. The differences in the expression of TAP in the patients versus healthy donors were shown to be statistically significant (p = 0.0001; p = 0.015; p = 0.01, respectively).
The sensitivity of quantifying ELISA in detecting TAP was 78 and 85 % in patients with Stages I–II and III–IV OC, respectively; ~100 and 89 % in patients with breast cancer and in those with gastrointestinal tract cancer, respectively; and 60 and 14 % in patients with lymphopro- liferative diseases and healthy donors, respectively. Comparison of TAP detection rates in the authors’ test systems with multiplex testing with a biochip array of 12 tumor markers has shown that these test systems are at the world standard level.

Based on their observations, the authors have made univariate and multivariate analyses of the prognostic importance of a number of magnetic resonance and clinical factors in cancer of the cervix uteri.

This article in question dwells on a possible pathogenetic model ovarian cancer, it’s histogenesis speciality, the role of ovulation, chronic in- flammation and stem cells. The scheme of two variant of avarian cancer progress and possible ways of prevention it are represented as well.

This review estimates immunohistochemical parameters reflecting apoptotic, proliferative activities, participating in angiogenesis and defining biological behavior of the tumor because treatment outcomes of locally advanced cervical cancer remain poor. Disease recurrences occur within the first two years after treatment in half of the patients. At the same time, many issues concerning the role of various indices of tumor growth as prognostic factors are controversial. Therefore, the study of histological patterns and molecular-biological characteristics of the tumor and their influence on short- and long-term treatment results are of great importance. The study of biological markers for locally advanced cervical cancer will allow physicians to understand tumor status, to predict the disease and to individualize treatment plan.

This review contains data on an aetiology, features of a clinical presentations and modern approaches in diagnostics and treatment of ovarian carcinosarcomas.