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Tumors of female reproductive system

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No 3-4 (2012)
View or download the full issue PDF (Russian)
https://doi.org/10.17650/1994-4098-2012-0-3-4

MAMMOLOGY. TOPICAL ISSUE

10-12 547
Abstract
The paper gives the long-term results of organ-saving surgery in 141 patients with stage Ia–IIIc breast cancer. Emergent histological examina- tion of a breast tissue sector was made during the surgery. Due to intraoperative morphological findings, the surgical volume was extended to gland reresection or mastectomy in 34 % of cases. There were low rates of local recurrences (0.6 % per year) and delayed operations.
13-18 964
Abstract

Subtypes breast cancer, and also feature of a metastazirovaniye and illness recurrence are presented to survival of patients in article, and, as a result, at different subtypes. Features of diagnostics of the remote metastasises depending on a subtype breast cancer are considered. At division into subtypes breast cancer different approaches to treatment of so heterogeneous disease are necessary.

19-28 699
Abstract
The proteome of lysates of the breast tumor cell lines MCF-7, BT-474, and ZR-75-1 was mapped, resulting in the sequence of 340 proteins. The proteins associated with the biosynthesis of PGE2 and with the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression were identified and their relative expression levels were determined. Potential goals for the targeted therapy of breast cancer, such as prostaglandin E2 and D2 receptors, pros- taglandin E synthase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and leukotriene-A4 -hydrolase, are of special interest in this group.

MAMMOLOGY. DIAGNOSIS

29-33 572
Abstract


Study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations was performed in 19 patients with breast cancer (core biopsy material). Two probes were used in multiparameter flow cytometry: CD4/CD25/CD3/CD45 and CD8/CD56/CD3/CD45. Mean percentage of different cell types within lymphocytes (CD45++ SSCLow) was as follows: CD3 – 88.2%, CD4 – 45.1%, CD8 – 40.4%, NK (CD3–CD56+) – 1.6%, CD4+CD25+ – 4.1 %. Ratio CD8/CD4 was less than 1 in 53 % of cases. In cases of prominent and moderate CD45 infiltration percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher than in cases with low infiltration, p = 0.007.

34-41 568
Abstract
A review of the literature on diagnostic systems for the detection of breast cancer by optical tomography was presented. The actuality of the method of transmission of optical tomography and its advantages over existing methods of medical diagnosis of cancer have been substanti- ated. We have analyzed tomographic systems used for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The basic advantages and disadvantages of tomograph- ic systems using various types of radiation have been indicated. The results of review can be used in the development of technique for optical transmission tomography.
42-47 564
Abstract

Present article evaluate the influence of leading risk factors established for breast cancer (BC) on the mammography screening efficiency. 26 912 women underwent mammography screening in 2001−2010.
The direct impact of BC risk factor number on the disease stage was revealed. Diagnostic effectiveness of screening mammography decreased in patient groups with high mammographic density. The importance of control of patient groups with BC risk factors and reasonability of mam- mographic density evaluation is described.
The occurrence of BRCA1/2 mutations was revealed in patients with BC identified by mammography screening. The relationship between the presence of advanced and metastatic BC and the BRCA1/2 mutations was determined.

MAMMOLOGY. TREATMENT

58-60 728
Abstract
From 62 patients 10−17 years, observed in the City mammalogy centre of Ekaterinburg 27 operated surgeons about the cysts periareolare zone with bleeding disorders and purulentes. Made incise and drainage. 35 patients treated of mammologis in the power saving mode (puncture + anti-inflammatory medication). In the first group in half of the developed cicatricial deformations, indrawn papilla her Breasts, which sub- sequently seriously complicated lactation. Savings tactics for mammologis provided in all cases of recovery with no complications.
61-72 515
Abstract
Molecular genetic analysis identified some biological subtypes of breast cancer (BC): luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive, and basal-like (including triple negative). The surrogate clinical and morphological criteria including the immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors, the hyperexpression and/or amplification of HER2, Ki-67, or tumor grade (G) are used to identify the biological subtypes of BC in clinical practice. The biological subtypes are distinguished by their biological course and susceptibility to various systemic treatments, which requires different therapeutic tactics. The paper presents tactics of adjuvant therapy for BC in relation to its biological subtype according to the recommendations of the 12th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (2011) and considers the place of taxans.
73-83 792
Abstract
The developed chemotherapy (CT) regimen with paclitaxel and gemcitabine with the interval being reduced between the cycles up to 2 weeks can shorten the time of preoperative treatment 1.5-fold and may be further investigated in the neoadjuvant CT for inoperable breast cancer. Intensified CT in the regimen of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 one day, gemcitabine 2000 mg/m2 one day, docetaxel 70 mg/m2 one day + doxorubi- cin 60 mg/m2 one day + colony-stimulating factors every 2 weeks has a high clinical effectiveness and a satisfactory tolerability.
84-87 611
Abstract
The study was undertaken to elaborate combination treatment tactics for local recurrences with regard to a change in the immunophenotypes of a primary tumor and locally advanced recurrence of breast cancer (BC). The change of the immunophenotype of BC from primary tumor to local recurrence was studied. A treatment algorithm for local recurrent BC was developed in accordance with the above changes and the clinical form of a recurrent tumor.

MAMMOLOGY. REVIEW

6-9 657
Abstract

XVI Russian Cancer Congress (review of materials)

MAMMOLOGY. ORIGINAL ARTICLE

48-53 622
Abstract
The research shows the results of the ultrasound examination of the 55 young patients suffering from gynecomastia. In the differential diag- nosis of true and false gynecomastia major differences were found in B-mode. The research of the vessel’s channels in the mammary gland’s tumor with the help of the color flow mapping and spectral Doppler is objectively convincing in a low proliferative activity of tumors. The pre- valence of the process didn’t influence the degree of vascularization and quantitative data of the blood flow.
54-57 567
Abstract

A group of reproductive age patients whose disease is associated with the carriage of BRCA1 gene mutation is of scientific interest. Differences in the molecular pathogenesis between BRCA-associated breast cancer and sporadic counterpart might presuppose anamnesis features of each group as well. We have ascertained that the mean age in young age patients with positive BRCA1 status is 31.8 ± 3.3 years, in 40 % of cases in the family history in the 1st and 2 nd order relatives a breast cancer was identified, in 40 % of cases breast cancer was diagnosed during pregnancy, breast feeding or 1 year post-pregnancy, the disease course in young BRCA1-positive patients is characterized by a 30 % risk of contralateral breast cancer during the first 5 years of observation.

GYNECOLOGY. DIAGNOSIS

93-98 501
Abstract

The specific features of the expression of tumor-associated proteins (TAP) were immunologically studied in the sera of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and other tumor location by means of immune sera (As) or monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to find out whether they could be used to diagnose and estimate the extent of a tumorous process.
MAb 1 (to HEp-2 cell membrane proteins, larynx cancer), Ac4 (to a pool of two ovarian cystadenocarcinomas), and MAb 3 (to affinity-pu- rified proteins of the apparently intact human gastric mucosa) were used to examine the sera of patients with OC and other tumor location and positive responsiveness was detected in 82, ~100, and 77 % of cases, respectively. The differences in the expression of TAP in the patients versus healthy donors were shown to be statistically significant (p = 0.0001; p = 0.015; p = 0.01, respectively).
The sensitivity of quantifying ELISA in detecting TAP was 78 and 85 % in patients with Stages I–II and III–IV OC, respectively; ~100 and 89 % in patients with breast cancer and in those with gastrointestinal tract cancer, respectively; and 60 and 14 % in patients with lymphopro- liferative diseases and healthy donors, respectively. Comparison of TAP detection rates in the authors’ test systems with multiplex testing with a biochip array of 12 tumor markers has shown that these test systems are at the world standard level.

99-101 505
Abstract
The paper presents the clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of virilizing ovarian tumors in 53 patients treated at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, from 1967 to 2010. The impact of the immu- nophenotype of virilizing ovarian tumor cells, clinical and morphological parameters, and performed treatment on the risk of recurrence has been studied in patients with virilizing ovarian tumors.
102-107 477
Abstract

Based on their observations, the authors have made univariate and multivariate analyses of the prognostic importance of a number of magnetic resonance and clinical factors in cancer of the cervix uteri.

108-111 653
Abstract

Traditional attitude towards the role of hyperestrogenia in endometrial hyperplasia pathogenesis can be considered cogent only in case of simple endometrial hyperplasia (SEH). In case of complex endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) excessive proliferation occurs only in endometrial glands not diffusely but as pockets. The signs of atrophy are often registered outside these pockets that reflects the state of estrogens.
The aim: is to study the structure of pathological endometrial changes that patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) have and natural combination of various forms of pathological endometrial changes.
Material. The results of histological examination of endometrium collected from 668 patients have been studied.
Results. The structure of pathological changes that occur in case of AUB has been identified. Various endometrial changes outside CEH and AEH pockets against the background of SEH, polyposis, atrophic endometrium have been detected without any regularity; the fact that does not confirm the role of hyperestrogenia in CEH and AEH pathogenesis.
Conclusion. SEH being the result of estrogen and progesterone imbalance is subjected to cyclic progestin hormone therapy to prevent acyclic bleeding. Observation with regular control is acceptable in the absence of AUB after the curettage in case of SEH and CEH without atypia. In case of AEH surgical treatment is required.

112-119 600
Abstract

This article in question dwells on a possible pathogenetic model ovarian cancer, it’s histogenesis speciality, the role of ovulation, chronic in- flammation and stem cells. The scheme of two variant of avarian cancer progress and possible ways of prevention it are represented as well.

120-125 547
Abstract

We explored the complex of modern ultrasound technology for dynamic monitoring to assess the effectiveness of drug therapy. This paper analyzes the data of complex clinical, ultrasound and pathological study of 86 patients, was 2 groups of patients – 58 women with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIb–IIIb stages) and 28 patients with ovarian cancer (IIa−IV stages).
During the morphological and ultrasonic parallels found a direct correlation between the degree of drug and the amount pathomorphism tumor focus, a reduction of vascularization and blood flow velocity.

126-132 1053
Abstract

This review estimates immunohistochemical parameters reflecting apoptotic, proliferative activities, participating in angiogenesis and defining biological behavior of the tumor because treatment outcomes of locally advanced cervical cancer remain poor. Disease recurrences occur within the first two years after treatment in half of the patients. At the same time, many issues concerning the role of various indices of tumor growth as prognostic factors are controversial. Therefore, the study of histological patterns and molecular-biological characteristics of the tumor and their influence on short- and long-term treatment results are of great importance. The study of biological markers for locally advanced cervical cancer will allow physicians to understand tumor status, to predict the disease and to individualize treatment plan.

GYNECOLOGY. TREATMENT

133-138 689
Abstract
The results of a comprehensive evaluation and treatment of background and pre-cancerous cervical cancer of women were studied (n = 1022). There is the complex assessment of social and obstetric gynecological risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. A system for optimizing diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative measures, taking into account the differentiated approach to the choice of treatment, follow-up in the near and long-term postoperative period. An individual approach to the selection of organ presentation or radical treatment using new technologies of surgical treatment are identified. Application of the developed system enabled a statistically significantly improve the results of treatment of background and precancerous cervical disease.
139-146 454
Abstract
A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed in 100 patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy under endotracheal anesthesia based on sevoflurane and fentanyl. Intraoperatively, ketorolac 30 mg was administered intramuscularly after induction of anesthesia and paracetamol 1 g was injected intravenously 30–40 minutes prior to surgical termination in a control group (n = 25). For postoperative anal- gesia, promedol, tramadol, and ketorolac were used intramuscularly and paracetamol was given intravenously. Three study groups (n = 2 in each) differed from the control group in that during wound suturing a multiperforated catheter was placed above the peritoneum over a length of 15 cm, through which a 10-ml bolus of 0.75 % ropivacaine was first administered, followed by continuous infusion of 0.2 % ropivacaine at a rate of 8 ml/hour for 36 hours. In one irrigation group, ketorolac 30 mg was injected intramuscularly t.i.d. for 2 days; in another group, the agent was added to a ropivacaine solution calculated with reference to 180 mg for 2 days; in the third group, ketoprofen 100 mg instead of ketorolac was used b.i.d. for 2 days. Pain level (by digital rating scale, 0–10) and the need for analgesics were measured. There was no sta- tistical significant difference in the level of pain and the need for analgesics between the wound irrigation and control groups.
147-150 489
Abstract
Research objective is the comparative assessment of efficiency of two various ways of an immunotherapy of patients with cervical cancer. 57 patients with cervical cancer, the III stages, distributed on 3 groups – combined radiotherapy, a combination of a radiotherapy and specific immunotherapy, and also a radiotherapy, specific and adaptive immunotherapy are surveyed. Clinical efficiency of treatment was estimated by means of primary tumor regression and 3-year survival rate. The scheme of combined immunotherapy was shown to possess the most clinical efficiency. Positive dynamics of cell immunity indicators was accompanied to clinical efficiency of treatment.
151-159 784
Abstract
One hundred and one patients with disseminated ovarian cancer (OC) treated at Surgery Department Eight, Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1998–2007 and continued to be followed up and treated till March 2012 were examined to make a clinical analysis of the course of the disease. Median follow-up was 32 months. The proportion of patients with Stages III–IV OC was 87 %. Optimal cytoreductive surgery was shown to be possible in 21 (20.8 %) patients dur- ing Stage 1 combination therapy and in 20 (19.8 %) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT). The maximum survival rates (with a median of 87.7 months) were achieved in 21 patients who had undergone optimal surgery and had a tumor that is highly susceptible to CT with platinum derivatives. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the diagnosis of the disease for increasing treatment results.
160-164 635
Abstract
The data obtained by the authors suggest that the efficiency of standard cytostatic therapy for recurrent cervical cancer in combination with chemotherapy and oxygen therapy has increased and the tolerance of cytostatic treatment during oxygen therapy improved.
165-168 1488
Abstract

This article considers the clinical features, morphology and general conteporary principles of treatment of ovarian serous borderline tumors. Despite to presence of several malignant signs in borderline ovarian tumors, disease rather has favorable outcome. It allows to perform the conservative surgery for patient in reproductive age, preserve ovarian tissue and save fertility.

169-172 527
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal effusions often arise in patients with of ovarian cancer. They are dangerous complication of cancer. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy isn’t always effective and causes side effects. Intraperitoneal interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-2 / lymphokine activated killers (LAK) biotherapy is characterised of high efficacy in ovarian cancer patients with malignant peritoneal effusions. The objective effect was 82,6 % аnd 72,0 % accordingly. These results suggest that intraperitoneal biotherapy allows to expand possibilities of malignant peritoneal effusions treat- ment in ovarian cancer patients.

GYNECOLOGY. HEALTH ORGANIZATION

173-176 539
Abstract
A state-, society-, public health-run follow-up of the population is one of the basic areas of disease prevention. This is particularly important for medicine sections with high morbidity and mortality rates, i. e. for oncology. The paper indicates the basic follow-up principles used in gynecological oncology.

GYNECOLOGY. PROBLEM

88-92 558
Abstract

This review contains data on an aetiology, features of a clinical presentations and modern approaches in diagnostics and treatment of ovarian carcinosarcomas.



ISSN 1994-4098 (Print)
ISSN 1999-8627 (Online)